Term
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Definition
prevent the synthesis of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, used to treat hypertension and heart failure. |
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Term
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors |
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Definition
Promote the accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in prolonged cholinergic effects |
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Term
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Definition
Produce effects similar to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. |
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Term
adrenergic blocking agents |
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Definition
inhibits the adrenergic system, preventing stimulation of the adrenergic receptors. action: acts by binding to @-adrenergic receptors, causing dilation of peripheral blood vessels. lowers peripheral resistance, resulting in decreased blood pressure. Uses:used for pheochromoctoma, prevention of tissue necrosis and sloughing assicuated wuth extravasation of IV vasopressors. side effects: the most common side effects are hypotension,tachycardia, nasal stiffiness,nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea. contraindications:hypersensitive reactions may occur,and allergies should be identified before these products are given.patients with myocardial infarction,coronary insufficiency,angina,or other evidence of coronary artery disease should not use these products Interactions: vasoconstrictive and hypertensive effects of epINEPHrine are antagonized by @-adrenergic blockers. Assess: electrolytes: K,Na,Cl,CO2 weight daily, I&O B/P lying,standing before starting treatment, q4h thereafter nausea,vomiting,diarrhea skin turgor,dryness of mucous membranes for hydration status administer: starting with low dose,gradually increasing to prevent side effects with food or milk for GI symptoms Evaluate: therapeutic response:decreased B/P,increased peripheral pulses Teach PT/family: to avoid alcholic beverages to report dizziness,palpations,fainting to change position slowly or fainting may occur to take drug exactly as prescribed to avoid all OTC products(cough,cold,allergy)unless directed by prescriber Selected generic name: Phentolamine |
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Term
aldosterone receptor antagonists |
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Definition
block stimulation of mineralocorticoid receptors by aldosterone, thus reducing high blood pressure by preventing sodium reabsorption. |
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Term
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Definition
gentamicin, tobramycin, and related antibiotics; particularly effective against gram-negative microorganisms; noted for potentially dangerous toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
narcotic and nonnarcotic; relieve pain without producing loss of consciousness or reflex activity. |
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Term
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Definition
these steroid hormones produce masculinizing effects |
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Term
angiotensic II receptor antagonists |
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Definition
also known as ARBs (angiotension receptor blockers); act by binding to angiotensin II receptor sites, preventing angiotensin II (a very potent vasoconstrictor) from binding to receptor sites in vascular smooth muscle, brain, heart, kidneysm and adrenal glands, thus blocking the blood pressue- elevating and sodium- remaining effects of angiotensin II |
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Term
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Definition
for example; local anethesia, general anethesia; cause a lose of sensation with or without a loss of consciousness with or without loss of conciousness Action: anethetics (general) act on the CNS to produce tranquilization and sleep before invasive procedures.Anesthetics(local) inhibit conduction of nerve impulses from sensory nerves. Uses: general anesthetics are used to premedicate for surgery,induction and maintenance in general anesthesia. For local anesthetics,refer to individual product listing for indications. Side effects: the most common side effects are dystonia,akathisia,flexion of arms,finetremors,drowiness,restlessness,and hypotension. also common are chills ,repiratory depreession,and laryngospasm. Contraindications: persons with CVA,increased intracranial pressure,severe hypertension,cardiac decompensation should not use these products,since severe adverse reactions can occur. Precautions: anesthetics (general)should be used with caution in the geriatric,cardiovascular disease(hypotension,bradydysrhythmias),renal disease,hepatic disease,parkinson;s disease,children<2 yr. the precaution for anesthetucs(local) is pregnancy. Interactions: MAOIs,tricyclics,phenothiazines may cause severe hypotension or hypertension when used with local anesthetics. CNS depressants will potentiate general and local anesthetics. Nursing considerations: assess: VS q10min during IV administration,q30min after IM dose Administer: anticholinergic preoperatively to decrease secretions,only with crash cart resuscitative equipment nearby. Perform/provide: Quiet environment for recovery to decrease psychotic symptoms Evaluate: therapeutic response: maintanence of anesthesia,decreased pain |
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Term
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Definition
reduce the acidity of the gastric contents Action: |
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Term
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Definition
used to prevent or treat attacks of angina pectoris |
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Term
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Definition
used to treat anxiety symptomsor disorders; also known as a minor tranquilizers or anxiolytics; although the term transquilizer is avoided today to prevent the misperception that the patient is being tranquilized. |
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Term
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Definition
ised to correct cardiac arrythmias (any heart rate other than normal sinus rhythm) |
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Term
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Definition
used to treat infections caused by pathogenic microbes; the term is often used interchangeably with antimicrobial agents |
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Term
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Definition
block the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system; also known as cholinergic blocking agents, antispasmotics, an.d parasympatholytic agents |
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Term
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Definition
do NOT dissolce existing clots, but do prevent enlargement or extension of blood clots. |
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Term
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Definition
suppress abnormal neuronal activity in the CNS, preventing seizures |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
also known as hypoglycemics; inslude insulin (used to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus) and oral hypoglycemic agents (used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus) |
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Term
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Definition
relieve or control the symptoms of acute or chronic diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
used to treat fungal infections |
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Term
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Definition
used to reduce introcular pressure |
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Term
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Definition
used in the treatment of active gout attacks or to prevent future attacks |
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Term
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Definition
used to treat allergy symptoms; may also be used to treat motion sickness, insomnia, and other nonallergic reactions |
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Term
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Definition
used to treat elevated blood pressure (hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
used to reduce serum cholesterol and /or triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
chemicals that eliminate living micoorganisms pathogenic to the patient also called antibiotics or antiinfectives |
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Term
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Definition
also called chemotherapy agents; used alone of in combination with other treatment modalities such as radiation, surgery, or biologic response modifiers for the treatment of cancer |
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Term
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Definition
used in the treatment of parkinson syndrome and other dyskinesias |
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Term
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Definition
used in the treatment of severe mental illnesses; also known as major tranquilizers or neuroleptics;, although the term tranquilizer is avoided today to prevent the misperception that the patient is being tranquilized. |
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Term
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Definition
used to reduce fevers associated with a variety of conditions |
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Term
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Definition
actually anticholinergic agents |
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Term
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Definition
used to treat the symptoms of hyperthyroidism;also known as thuroid hormone antagonists |
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Term
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Definition
used to prevent or treat an infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
used to supress a cough by acting on the cough center of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
these drugs, such as histamine-2 antagonists, decrease the volume and increase the pH of gastric secetions |
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Term
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Definition
used to treat infections caused by pathogenic viruses |
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Term
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Definition
stimulate receptors within the tracheobronchial tree to relax the airway passages and dilate the airway passges, allowing a greater voluime of air to be exchanged and improving oxygenation. |
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Term
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Definition
inhibit the activitic transmitters, norepinephrene, and epinephrine; used to treat angina. arrhythmias, hypertenion, and glaucoma. |
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Term
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Definition
also called calcium ion antagonists, slow channel blockers or calcium ion influc inhibitors; inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the cell membrane; used to decrease arrhythmias, slow rate of contration heart, and cause dilation of blood vesels |
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Term
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Definition
antibiotics (imipenepenem, meropenem) that have a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; they act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis |
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Term
carobonic anhydrase inhibitors |
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Definition
interfere with the producation fo aqueous humor, thereby reducing intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
improve immune function by stimulating the activity of various immune cells |
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Term
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Definition
also known as parasympathomimetics, produce effects similar to those of acetylcholine |
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Term
cholinesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
these enzymes destroy acetylcholine, the cholinergic neirotransmitter |
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Term
colony-stimulating factors |
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Definition
stimulate progenitor cells in bone marrow to increase numbers of leukocytes, thereby improving immune function |
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Term
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Definition
this drug, sucralfate, forms a complex that adheres to the crater of an ulcer, protecting it from aggracation by gastric seceretions. |
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Term
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Definition
these hormones are secreted by the adrenal contex of the adrenal gland. |
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Term
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Definition
anticholinergic agents that paralyze accomodation of the iris of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
agents that cause direct cell death; often used for cancer chemotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
reduce swelling in the nasal passges caused by a common cold or allergic rhinitis |
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Term
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Definition
combination products containing digestive enzymes used to treat various digestive disorders and to supplement deficiencies of natural digestive enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
a class of drugs, also known as cardiac glycosides, that increase the force of contration and slow the heart rate, thereby improving cardiac output |
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Term
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Definition
act to increase the flow of urine emetics used to induce vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
steroids that cause feminizing effects |
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Term
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Definition
liquefy mucus by stimulating the natural lubricant fluids from the bronchial glands |
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Term
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Definition
ciprofloxacin and related agents; widely used broas spectrum antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
used to increase stomach contractions, relax the pyloric valve, and increase peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract; result in a decrease in gastric transit time and more rapid emptying of the intestinal tract. |
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Term
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Definition
also known as adrenocorticosteroids; are used to regulate carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
hormones produced by the testes in the male and ovaries in the female |
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Term
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Definition
plant products usually sold as food supplements may have pharmacologic effects that are not evaluated or regulated by the FDA |
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Term
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Definition
(H2) antagonists decrease the volume and increase the pH of gastric secretions both during the day and the night |
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Term
HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors |
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Definition
also knwons as the statins; antilipemic agents that inhibit hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzymes, the enzyme that stimulates the conersion of HMG-CoA to mecalonic acid, a precursor in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, this reducing the potential for atherosclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
used to decrease the production or increase the excretion of uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
hormone required for glucose transport to the cells |
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Term
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Definition
used to prevent physiologic lactation |
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Term
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Definition
act by a variety of mechansims to treat constipation |
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Term
low molecular weight heparins |
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Definition
derivatives of heparin; anticoagulants for the prophylactic treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis |
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Term
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Definition
agents that block monoamine oxidase, thereby preventing the degradation and prolonging the action of norepinephrine and serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
erthyomycin, azithromycin, and related antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
steroids that cause the kidneys to retain sodium and water |
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Term
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Definition
cause constriction of the iris |
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Term
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Definition
reduce the thickness and stickiness of pulmonary secretions by acting directly on the mucous plugs to dissolve them |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
cause dilation of the iris |
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Term
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Definition
skeletal muscle relaxants used to produce muscle relaxation during anesthesia; reduce the use and side effects of general anesthetics; used to ease endotracheal intubation and prevent laryngospasm |
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Term
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Definition
metabolize to nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator used to treat angina |
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Term
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
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Definition
these "aspirin-like" drugs are chemically unrelated to the salicylates but are prostaglandin inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
centrally acting analgesic agents related to morphine |
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Term
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Definition
used for birth control; administered orally |
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Term
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Definition
used in type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glucose metabolism and lower blood glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
steroids regulating endometrial and myometrial function; used alone or in combination w estrogen for oral contraception |
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Term
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Definition
saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, and related drugs; block the maturation of human immunodeficiency viruses; HIV infections |
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Term
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Definition
effective as analgesics, antipyretics, and antiinflammatory agents |
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Term
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Definition
given to an individual to produce relaxation and rest; do not necessarilt produce sleep |
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Term
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRRIs) |
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Definition
antidepressants that act by specifically blocking the reuptake of serotonin, thus prolonging its action |
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Term
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Definition
used to block serotonin; prevent emesis induced by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery |
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Term
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Definition
(HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) block the synthesis of cholesterol |
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Term
stool softeners or fecal softeners |
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Definition
draw water into the stool, thereby softening it. |
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Term
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Definition
mimic the action of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
mimic the action fo dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
a specific group of drugs (alteplase, anistreplase, stretokinase, urokinase) given to dissolve existing blood clots |
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Term
thyroid hormone antagonists |
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Definition
used to counteract or block action of excessive formation of thyroid hormones |
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Term
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Definition
used when thyroid hormones are not being produced or are not produced in sufficient quantities to meet the body's physiologic needs |
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Term
tricyclic antidepressants |
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Definition
inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (inclide doxepin, amitriptyline, and imipramine) |
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Term
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Definition
act on the tubules of the kidneys to enhance the excretion of uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
produce a local anesthetic effect on the mucosa of the ureters and bladder to relieve burning, pain, urgency, and frequency associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) |
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Term
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Definition
substances excreted and concentrated in the urine in sufficient amounts to have an antiseptic effect on the urine and the urinary tract |
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Term
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Definition
used primarily to prevent preterm labor and delivery |
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Term
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Definition
increase the frequency or strength or uterine contractions |
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Term
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Definition
suspensions of eith live, attnuated, or killed bacteeria or viruses administered to induce immunity against infection fo specufuc bacteria or viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
relax the arteriolar smooth muscle, causing a dilation of the blood vessels |
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