Term
| Give examples of non-immunological drug reactions. |
|
Definition
- Cytotoxic alopecia eg. Chemotherapy
- Cumulative toxicity: Chrysiasis(gold), Argyria(silver)
- Delayed toxicity: Arsenical keratosis, Arsenic induced skin tumours
- Direct release of mast cell mediators: Opiates, radiographic contrast material
|
|
|
Term
Which of the following represents a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?
- Thrombocytopenic purpura, or
- Immune complex vasculitis; serum sickness.
|
|
Definition
Immune complex diseases are Type III
Type II are cytotoxic reactions eg thrombocytopaenic purpura |
|
|
Term
True or false
Interchangeable terms used in describing Exanthematic drug reactions include Morbilliform and Maculo-papular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fact: The commonest drugs implicated in Exanthematic, Urticarial and Angioedemal drug reactions are:
NSAIDS
ACE-inhibitors
Penicillins
Anti-convulsants
Sulphonamides
|
|
Definition
"NAPAS"
NSAIDS
ACE-inhibitors
Penicillins
Anti-convulsants
Sulphonamides |
|
|
Term
| List some drugs implicated in triggering Immune-Complex-related Vasculitis.. |
|
Definition
"CATCCH"
Cimetidine
Allopurinol
Thiazides
Carbamazepine
Captopril
Hydralazine |
|
|
Term
| A L.E-like syndrome may be provoked what drugs. Name three. |
|
Definition
Capital letters H.M.G. (Her Majesty’s Government)
Hydralazine,
Minocycline and
Griseofulvin.
|
|
|
Term
Which of the following usually presents as a palpable purpura ?
Haematological purpura
or
Immune-complex related vasculitis |
|
Definition
| Immune-complex related vasculitis |
|
|
Term
Drug eruptions. What is being described?
"A well circumscribed and inflammatory area. There is a central area of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation which will become more prominent as the erythema fades" |
|
Definition
Fixed drug eruption (can also be bullous)
Most commonly seen on genitals, trunk and face.
Usual Suspects: Co-trimoxazole, tetracycles, analgesics (paracetamol, aspirin), anticonvulsants (phenytoin, carbamazepine), phenolphthalein |
|
|
Term
LICHEN PLANUS-LIKE (LICHENOID) ERUPTIONS
List some drugs that may cause this. |
|
Definition
PGA Tour
"PGA T"
Penicillamine
Gold
Anti-malarials
Thiazides |
|
|
Term
| What is an eponymous name for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis?[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which drugs are implicated in causing Lyell's syndrome?
[image] |
|
Definition
Sulphonamides
Phenothiazines
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampicin |
|
|
Term
Bullous phototoxic reaction. What drugs risk causing this?
[image] |
|
Definition
Amiodarone
Phenothiazones eg. Chlorpromazine
Sulphonamides eg. HCZ, Furosemide, Co-trimazole
Psoralens
Thiazide diuretics
NSAIDs and Nalidixic acid |
|
|
Term
| Acneiform drug reactions. List the causes. |
|
Definition
"LISt"
L ithium
I soniazid, I odine and bromides
St eroids (Corticosteroids & Anabolic)
|
|
|
Term
| Porphyria-like blistering in the absence of abnormal porphyrin metabolism - may be caused by high-dose frusemide, NSAIDs and tetracyclines.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drugs may provoke porphyria?
[image] |
|
Definition
"BOG"
Barbiturates, Oestrogens and Griseofulvin |
|
|
Term
Which of the following causes a Slate Grey skin discolouration? How about a purple colour?
Bleomycin
Amiodarone
Busulphan
Mepacrine
Chlorpromazine
Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone |
|
Definition
Amiodarone - Slate Grey
Chlorpromazine- Purple
Bleomycin - Flaggelate on trunk
Busulphan - Addisonian
Mepacrine - Yellow hue
Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone - Bleaches |
|
|
Term
True or false.
Captopril can induce a Pityriasis Rosea type rash persisting for as long as the drug is ingested? |
|
Definition
True.
May also occur with metronidazole, omeprazole, gold |
|
|
Term
Pseudolymphoma - The Anticonvulsant Hypersensitivity Syndrome.
It occurs with Phenytoin, Carbamazepine.
List the clinical features. |
|
Definition
| Pyrexia, Generalised rash, Lymphadenopathy, Hepatosplenomegaly, Deranged Liver Function, Arthralgia |
|
|
Term
What drug may cause a Dark Blue discolouration of the fingernails?
|
|
Definition
Phenolphthalein.
Other colours...
- Phenothiazines Blue-black/purple pigmentation
- Antimalarials Blue-brown pigmentation.
|
|
|
Term
What drug can cause transverse white lines across the nail (Mee lines)?
[image] |
|
Definition
Arsenic
(or blue Mee lines with silver poisoning) |
|
|
Term
| List the drug causes of Hirsuitism / Hypertrichosis |
|
Definition
Minoxidil.
Ciclosporin
Phenytoin
Psoralens
Steroids (Corticosteroids + Androgens)
|
|
|
