Any substance that alters one's ability to function emotionally, physically, intellectually, financially, or socially.

The unintentional or inappropriate use of prescribed or over-the-counter drugs.

The intentional and inappropriate use of a drug resulting in physical, emotional, financial, intellectual, or social consequences for the user. 

Any substance that has the capability of altering mood, perception, or behavior.

Reduce a person's risk for drug use behavior.

Increase a person's risk for drug use behavior.

The body adjusts to the presence of a substance and will exhibit withdrawal symptoms if the drug is discontinued.

A complex disease that impacts the brain.

Physical symptoms that appear after a drug is discontinued.

Stimuli or events that increase the likelihood of a particular behavior.

Reduce physiological needs or are inherently pleasurable.

Secondary

reinforcers

Act as signals for the increased probability of obtaining primary reinforcers. 

• Experimentation
• Pleasure/Escape
• Peer influence
• Spiritual purposes
• Social interaction
• Rebelliousness

18 - 25 years old 

Environmental factors: 

• Family
• Peers
• School
• Neighborhood conditions

Biological factors:

• Stage of development
• Mental disorders