Term
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Definition
| o Addiction is a chronic brain disease expressed as a compulsive behavior in a social context. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any chemical entity or mixture of entities, not required for the maintenance of health, that alters biological function or structure when administered |
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Term
| • How does one get to the point of addiction? |
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Definition
o Genetics
• Have an alcoholic parent makes you 4x more likely to become an alcoholic
• More than 60% of alcoholics have family history of alcoholism
o Mental Health
• Anxiety, depression, and mood disorders
o Early use of drugs
• Began drinking alcohol on a regular basis – 50% more likely to become alcoholic
o Social environment |
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Term
| Problems correlated with drug & alcohol use |
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Definition
Addiction
Medical
Neurotoxicity
AIDS
Cancer
Mental Illness
Social
Homelessness
Crime
Violence
Economic
Heath care
Productivity |
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Term
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Definition
1975
measures drug, alcohol, tobacco use, as well as attitudes re: use among adolescent students nationwide
Expansion in 1991
Daily marijuana use has increased among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders between 2009 and 2010. Reached highest point since 1980 at 6.1 percent
Perception of risk of regular marijuana use is declining.
Marijuana use higher than cigarette use on some measures:
In 2010, 21.4% of high school seniors used marijuana in the past 30 day, compared to 19.2% who had smoked cigarettes. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Abuse Warning network (DAWN)
4.6 million drug-related ER visits nationwide in 2009
50% of visits were attributed to adverse reactions to prescribed pharmaceuticals and 45% involved drug abuse. Of the 2.1 million drug abuse visits:
27.1% involved nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals
21.2% involved illicit drugs
14.3% involved alcohol in combination with other…
nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals (prescription or OTC) increased dramtically between 2004 and 2009 = 98.4%
In 2009, almost one million ER visits involved illicit drug use.
Cocaine was highest, followed by marijuana, then heroin, and then stimulants
DAWN only collects data on alcohol if there’s a combination presenting factor (among adults). This data is collected on juveniles |
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Term
| Epidemiology v Ethnographies |
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Definition
Epidemiology – a field within public health. Research conducted focuses on studying factors associated with the occurrence of different drug use patterns and consequences (Jung, 2011)
Ethnography: Field research under natural rather than laboratory conditions
Snowball technique
Long-term observations |
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Term
| What type of drug is meth |
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Definition
| Stimulant with halucinogenic properties |
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Term
| how does meth affect the brain? |
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Definition
Meth gets into the nerve cell where it causes the excessive release of dopamine.
Brain sends an enzyme to stop dopamine release
Exposure to this enzyme damages the cell recycling he dopamine
Dopamine is NOT recycled |
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Term
| Explain Binging and Crashing |
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Definition
Binging last 3-15 days
Crashing lasts 1-3 days
What’s happening in the body
User start to feel “bad” – increases the need to use more meth
Meth users often follow “binge and crash” pattern |
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Term
| What are the effects of meth on the brain with long term use |
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Definition
Long term impairment -24% DAT loss
Motor skills and Memory return |
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Term
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Definition
Catha Edulis
40 different street names
found in East Africa and Southern Arabia
Cultural and recreational use
Estimated 10 million users across the world
Contains two schedules of other drugs
Schedule I: Cathinone
Schedule IV: Cathine |
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Term
| What are the basic properties of alcohol? |
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Definition
Alcohol
Most commonly used/abused drug. Fermented beverages date back to 10,000 B.C.
Absorbed by stomach, enters bloodstream & goes to all tissues (called the dirty drug)
Toxicity
Most toxic but least potentate drug
Depressant
Tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
Is not treatment, it’s sober support
Bill W. and Dr. Bob started these programs
Courts cannot offer AA/NA as treatment
Must offer non-secular
Average age is 47 and Caucasian male
Not the developmentally appropriate model for adolescence
Only 1% of the group by into the model |
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Term
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Definition
| Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse |
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Term
| Motivational Interviewing |
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Definition
| A method of structured, nonconfrontational interviewing aimed at creating awareness and motivation in the alcohol or other drug abuser to reduce his or her substance abuse. |
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Term
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Definition
Developed by Dr. Bob and Bill Williams. 12 step self help program.
Only 20% of people referred attend. White male over 40. Twice as many males as females |
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Term
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Definition
Prealcoholic
Prodormal
Crucial
Chronic |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief that addictions and dependency are physical disease |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of behaviors and attitudes that is the foundation for recovery in alcoholics anonymous. correlate to cycle of change |
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Term
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Definition
| A for-profit organization emphasizing reason and personal responsibility for recovery from addictions |
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Term
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Definition
| A self-help organization emphasizing reason and personal responsibility for recovery from addictions. |
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Term
| How many people get treatment? |
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Definition
| Only 8% even though 27% have an issue |
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Term
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Definition
| individual or group structured therapy focusing on achieving insight |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on methods of Albert Ellis, this approach focuses on reasoning and logic for guiding behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcement procedures used to change behavior gradually including trial and error |
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Term
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Definition
| A study that matched alcoholic clients to three different treatments, based on client characteristics, to see if matching them to more appropriate treatments would increase overall improvements. Success rates did not vary significantly between treatment |
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Term
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Definition
Presence of three or more of the following:
Tolerance, withdrawal, increased dose over time, persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control, lots of time spent getting drug, sacrifice of social or career, use continues despite known problem |
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Term
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Definition
hashish, marijuana
boom chronic hash hemp, blunt dope grass herb |
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Term
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Definition
| barbituates, benzodiazepines, flunitazepram, GHB, methaqualone |
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Term
| Dissasociative Anesthetics |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| LSD, Mescaline (Peyote), Psilocybin (shrooms) |
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Term
| Opoids and Morphine Derrivitaves |
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Definition
| Codeine, fentanyl, heroin, morphine, opium, oxycodone, hydrocodone |
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Term
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Definition
| amphetamine, cocaine, MDMA (E!), meth, methylphenidate, nicotine, caffeine |
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Term
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Definition
Anabolic Steroids Juice!
Dextromethorphan (DXM)
Inhalants |
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