Term
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Definition
CNS stimulant derived from tobacco
reaches brain in secs when smoked although most burned off
stimulates epinephrine release adrenal gland and dopamine release ventral tegmental area
40-60 mg can kill you
pregnancy linked sudden infant death |
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Term
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Definition
CNS stimulant by:
1. blocks monoamine uptake (NE)
2. stops vesicle packaging
3. inhibits DAT
4. vesicle release
5. inhibits MAO
same as cocaine for other stuff |
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Term
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Definition
Reversible Competitive DAT (dopamine reuptake inhibitor) CNS Stimulant
(also NE reuptake)
dilated pupils, hyperthermia, vasoconstriction
Can cause acute psycosis
CARDIOTOXIC: Increase CO
Coronary artery constriction
myocytic hypertrophy
arrhythmia due to effects NA transport
tolerance/withdrawal minimal = dysphoria, depression, apathy, increased appetite
Tachyphylaxis: reduced response to drug due to used up NE/DA...eventually introduces parkisonian state |
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Term
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Definition
ecstacy - CNS stimulant
REUPTAKE BLOCKER (5HT esp.)
inhibits monoamine vesicular package
effects: euphoria, increased psycomotor, increased symp activity, mild hallucinations
RAPID TOLERANCE TO EMOTIONAL PERCEPT.
dehydration due to marathon dancing
SEROTONIN SYNDROME: Agitation, coma, mania, hallucinations, hyperthermia, tachycardia, muscle spasm
(cognitive,autonomic,somatic) |
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Term
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Definition
CNS stimulant (MDPV,pyrovalone,methylone)
synthetic version of KHAT
smoked;chewed;snorted
similar amphetamines:
block 5HT reuptake; also same as amph.
activate 5HT2 receptors
causes euphoria, increased symp output, decreasd appetite, hallucinations
toxicity = cocaine/MDMA-like +
agitation/paranoia/violence/psycosis |
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Term
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Definition
1. Potentiates GABA receptor
2. Inhibits NMDA receptor
initial = euphoria later = drunk
hangover can cause tremors/insomnia
psycologically increases dopamine firing in VTA to nuc accumbens
overdose = down hr,rr,temp,bp,oxygen,urine
tx = o2,warmth,iv electro,hemodialsy
withdrawl = serious = delirious, hyperthermia, nausea, tachy, seizures (tx with benxo)
wernicke = muscle ataxia, eye mvmnt
korsikoff = memory dysfunction from mamillary atrophy |
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Term
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Definition
u receptors throughout brain: decrease cAMP increase K excretion = hyperpolar.
Disinhibition via VTA release DA to NA
analgesia, "warm orgasm", euphoria
with positive operant reinforcement
Tolerance within days to euphoria, analgesia, depressant (cross = common)
Toxicity: CNS depressant, down BP,RR,CO, hypoxia plus Pulmonary EDEMA and pinpoint pupils
MAY CAUSE ANAPHALAXIS THROUGH DEGRAN MAST CELLS and CONSTIPATION
withdrawl seldom fatal with sympathetic reboun (goosebumps, enduring erections, diarrhea, increased tactile sensation). + negative reinforcement.
Beware overdose from fentanyl, or from ceasing rituals |
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Term
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Definition
psychedelic hallucinogen:
5HT1 partial agonist
DISINHIBITION BY INHIBITING GABA RELEASE FROM PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS
Pharmacologically= dizzy/nause/ataxia, increased symptathetic outflow, hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
Dissociateive hallucinogen:
NMDA receptor antagonist (hippocampus/amygdala). causes delirium, dissociation of mind from body, agitation and even sever psycosis
OLNEYS LESIONS = VACOULIZATION OF CORTEX + GLIOSIS + APOPTOSIS from receptor antagonism |
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Term
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Definition
Medically used for decreasing intraocular pressure and to increase appetite
THC acts on canniboid receptor located in hippo and basalganglia
euphoria+giggles+Mild hallucination+ inparied judgement and reduced attn
adverse: impaired motor control, bad trips, flashbacks and potentiation of CNS depression when mixed with barb. |
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Term
| Nitrous oxide/compressed air/additive |
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Definition
NOS: partial opioid agonist
negitive NMDA/nACH but NO EFFECT GABA
solvents/glues: CNS DEPRESSION SIMILAR ALCOHOL AND BARB + initial headrush from rapid vasodilation and euphoria/impaired motor function
Can cause headache/fatique/nause
Toxicity = asphyxiation
respiratory depression/toxicity
DROP IN BONE MARROW
(toxic from other compounds in gas). |
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Term
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Definition
| Wellbutrin -> noncompetitive nicotine antagonist and DA re-uptake blocker... commonly used as anti-depressant |
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Definition
Chantix...tobacco addiction treatment
PARTIAL NICOTINE RECEPTOR AGONIST... reduces cravings while simultaneously inhibiting drugs effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase (buildup in body --> sickness/vomiting/nausea) |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks NMDA receptors and agonises GABA receptors to help restore excitatory/inhibatory balance |
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Term
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Definition
Blocks AMPA/kainate-type glutamate receptors and
activates GABA-A receptors (helps restore excitatory/inhibitory balance |
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Term
| Naltrexone/Naloxone (alcohol) |
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Definition
-opioid receptor antagonist. Helps limit dopamine
release in nucleus accumbens. Blunts positive reinforcement |
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Definition
PROZAC selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Usually reserved
for comorbid alcoholism and depression |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Used for addict maintenance. Not as intense euphoria and when withdrawn produces longer but less intense symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| partial mu receptor agonist and a kappa receptor antagonist. given with naloxone to help with opioid withdrawl. |
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Term
| What flows through where in brain to create pleasure circuit |
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Definition
| Dopamine from VTA to NUC ACCUMBENS |
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Term
| Benzodiazepines in opioid withdrawl |
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Definition
are often prescribed concurrently with
methadone to counteract the “sympathetic rebound” |
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Term
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Definition
sychedelic hallucinogen:
5HT1 partial agonist
DISINHIBITION BY INHIBITING GABA RELEASE FROM PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS
Pharmacologically= dizzy/nause/ataxia, increased symptathetic outflow, hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
cocaethylene which is longer duration of action and more toxic than
either drug alone. |
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