Syncretism

assimilating symbols from other traditions

Loculi

long niches in the wall that held bodies

Cubicula

rooms created to hold sarcophagi

Orants

standing figure with outstretched arm

good shephard

man carrying sheep

central medallion

round ornament

Lunettes

semicircular wall areas

Narthex 

entrance porch to a church

Aisle

long hallway

Sanctuary / Naos

principle rooms

Gatehouse

entrance to atrium

Transept

perpendicular to nave in front of apse

Nave Colonnade

columns separating nave from aisles

Ciborium

pavillion like structure under nave with 4 columns

Alter

table like structure where religous rites are performed

Nave Arcade

arches over columns

Triforium

blind wall over spandrels

Ambulatory 

tall rotunda encircled by a barrel vault passageway

Putti

naked male child angels derived from cherubs

Pendentive Dome

transition triangle from arch to dome

Blind Arcading

series of decorative arches applied to a solid wall

Scriptorium

writing room

Codex

early book

Manuscript

handwritten book

Vellum

fine writing surface made of calf-skin

Mandorla

a full body halo

Squinches

arch or lintel built across square spaces to support a dome

Cloisonne 

outer frame

Transformation...

Pagan symbols transformed according to new views...

New view of world & new requirements of worship...

Early Christian

-come from Hebrews in Canaan

-Prophet Moses led Hebrews out of slavery

-Moses climbed Mt. Sinai & was given 10 commandments, place in Arch of Covenant

-King Solomon built temple in Jerusalem, King Nebuchadnezzar destroyed it & stole Arch of Covenant

-Jewish people then fell under foreign rule, Persia then fell to Romans

Early Judaism

-Trinity (3 people): Father, Son, Holy Ghost

-Jesus born of a virgin, Mary, & preached then died for our sins

-Four Evangelists wrote New Testament: Mark, Luke, Matthew, & john

-Breaks into other sections

Early Christianity

-Romans free to worship

-political & philisophical transformations

-Christianty popularity grew

-Architecture flourished

Imperial Christian

What are the 4 "F's" of Byzantine art?

Formal...

Flat...

Frontal...

Floating...

-Reign of Justinian

-Iconoclastic controversy

-Monumental, far-reaching, energizing

-eastern empire flourished

-supreme army & navy

Early Byzantine

-Empire begins to shrink

-Peace under the crusaders

-Reign under Macedonian Dynasty

-Cultural rebirth

-art has strong spiritual focus

Middle Byzantine

-