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Discovered by Raymond Dart in 1924 Hominid features |
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Brain Size Shape of dental arcade Long arms Small body size |
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Canine size & shape Reduced diastema Bipedalism characteristics |
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Robust Australopithecines |
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Broad, flat faces Sagittal crest Postorbital constriction Huge back teeth with smaller front teeth KNM - WT 17000 “The Black Skull” A. robustus A. boisei |
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H. habilis: single, variable species H. rudolfensis: multiple, less variable species Oldowan stone tools: consist mainly of cores, lumps of stone, often river cobbles modified from the original rock by flaking pieces off it. |
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Early Hominids Bipedalism features |
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Foramen magnum position Pelvis Angle of femur (valgus knee) Reorganization of foot |
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Eugene Dubois: Dutch Army; doctor 1892 P. erectus Thick cortical bone in limbs Nariokotome skeleton: 80% Complete fossil, Teenage H. Erectus Expensive tissue hypothesis Acheulian tool culture Use of fire |
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Homo E.
Cranial buttressing system |
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Supraorbital torus Nuchal torus Sagittal keel Angular torus |
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Persistence hunting: chase prey until prey dies or falls over of exhaustion Drive prey into mud or bog |
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