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| Ornamentation that includes animal imagery. |
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| decorative metalwork technique based on inlaying stones or glass into compartments (cloisonns) created by soldered metal strips |
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| Who were the Hiberno-Saxons? |
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| They were a group of people that lived in the British Isles. |
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| a hand-made book, composed of pages of vellum or parchment. |
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| calfskin prepared as a fine surface for painting or text in a codex. |
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| a painting technique mixing pigments with egg yolk or glue. |
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| How did Charlemagne unite Europe under the Holy Roman Empire? |
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| He invaded parts of Europe and forcibly converted their people to Christianity. |
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| How did Charlemagne revive interest in classical art and architecture? |
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| He commissioned imperial portrait statues, tons of illuminated manuscripts, and built his personal chapel. |
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| How did Charlemagne promote learning and production of sacred and classical texts? |
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| He commissioned texts both secular and sacred, and revive the true text of the Bible. |
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| Why is Charlemagne's Palatine Chapel important architecturally? |
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| It is the first vaulted building in Northern Europe. |
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| How do examples of manuscript illumination from this time period reflect classical influences? |
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| The Coronation and Ebbo Gospels portray St. Matthew in a toga writing on a lectern which is usually seen on Greco-Roman portraits of authors. |
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| How did the Ottonians revive the art of large-scale sculpture? |
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| Bishop Bernward and Archbishop Gero commissioned large-scale sculptures like the bronze doors and column at Hildesheim and a life-sized crucifix of Jesus. |
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| A journey to a sacred place to receive salvation. |
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| Holy Christian wars sponsored by the church between the 11th-15th centuries to recapture the Holy Land, and other non-Christian lands, or combat heresy. |
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| The physical remains or possessions of a holy figure which were venerated by worshippers. |
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| An organization of monks living accordingly to the same rules. For example, the Benedictine, Franciscan, and Dominican orders. |
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| east end of the church where the altar is located. |
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| main aisle of the church leading to the apse |
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| chapels that extend from the apse, and house relics. |
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| the pillar supporting the lintel in the middle of a doorway |
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| semicircular area above a portal used for relief sculpture, a Romanesque innovation |
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| A monastery courtyard, usually with covered walks or ambulatories along its sides. |
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| column capitals that tell a story, featuring figurative relief sculptures |
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| an important sculptor who made the tympanum for Saint-Lazare in Autun, France. |
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| A prediction by St. John where Satan loses the battle good and evil and a "new Jerusalem" is established. |
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| The dead are resurrected and are judged amongst the living, sinners receive their punishments in hell, and the moral who uphold Christ are rewarded in Heaven. |
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| vertical, freestanding masonry support with a group of attached shafts |
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| What are the major themes depicted in Romanesque art, especially over portals? |
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| The portals on Romanesque churches depict the Last Judgement to scare Christians into obeying the word of God. |
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| What is the goal of Gothic architects and how was it different from Romanesque architects? |
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| The goal of Gothic architects was to create a welcoming place of worship while Romanesque architects want to scare Christians away from sinning. |
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| Supervised the re-building of the ambulatory of Saint-Denis in the new Gothic style, and wrote about the significance of stained glass windows. |
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| A vault in which diagonal and transverse ribs compose a structural skeleton that partially supports the masonry web between them. |
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| A circular window with a floral pattern that refers to the Virgin Mary being a "rose without thorns" |
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| a tall window that ends in a pointed arch, it's usually located under an oculus or a rose window |
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| statues that decorate the side posts and jambs of a doorway |
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| "new light", the mystical radiance of stained glass windows and their effect on worshippers |
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| Why is Chartres Cathedral so important? |
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-It is the first High Gothic cathedral
-it was implemented with flying buttresses from its inception
-It replaced the square nave bays with rectangular nave bays
-It has one square aisle on each side rather than two |
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