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Job Description: includes casework, counseling, community intervention, social policy, administration, and development
*oldest profession
*licensed with a masters |
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| Education needed for Couples and Family Counseling |
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| Edu. needed for clinical and counseling |
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| Edu. for school counseling |
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| Edu. for Paraprofessional |
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| non licensed, BS of psychology |
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the DESIRE for intimate emotional and sexual relationships with people of the same sex, the other sex, or both
***sexual orientation is a DESIRE not a behavior |
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L esbian
B isexual
G ay
T ransgender/sexual/vestite
Q uestioning (NOT queer)
I intersect (both male and female sex tissue) |
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*homosexual orientation is not associated with emotional or social problems
*homosexual parents are just as good parents as heterosexuals |
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Therapy that in which someone attempts to change either their own sexual orientation or that of another individual
*No longer approved by APA
*Can lose license if used |
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| Irrational fear or hatred of homosexuals, homosexuality, or any behavior or belief that does not conform to rigid sex role stereotypes |
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| a prejudice based on a personal belief that lesbian, gay, and bisexual people are sinful, immoral, sick, inferior, to heterosexuals, or incomplete women and men |
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individual behavior based on personal homophobia
EX: name-calling, telling "jokes", verbal and physical harassment, and other individual acts of discrimination |
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refers to the many ways in which government, business, churches, and other institutions and organizations discriminate against people on the basis of sexual orientations
*also called HETEROSEXISM |
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refers to social standards and norms that dictate that being heterosexual is better or more moral than being gay, lesbian, or bisexual, and that everyone is, or should be, heterosexual.
*also falls under the term heterosexism |
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| prejudice against individuals and groups who display non-heterosexual behaviors or identities, combined with the majority power to impose such prejudice |
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| The assumption, in individuals or in institution, that everyone is heterosexual, and that heterosexuality is superior to homosexuality |
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| Those benefits derived automatically by being heterosexual that are denied to homosexuals and bisexuals |
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| Some Specific Heterosexual Privileges |
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1. Being affectionate in public without threat or punishment
2. Inheriting from your partner/lover/companion automatically under probate laws
3. Paid leave from work/condolences when grieving the death of your partner
4. Sharing health, auto, and homeowner's insurance policies at reduced rates
5. No one questions your normalcy
6. Immediate access to your loved ones in cases of accident or emergency
*this is not all of them |
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| Assault, rape, arson and murder are crimes under any circumstance, but when the victim of such a crime is chosen simply because of his/her affiliation with a minority group, the FBI considers the crime a "hate crime" |
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0 - exclusively heterosexual
1 - predominantly heterosexual, incidentally homosexual
2 - predominantly heterosexual, but more than incidentally homosexual
3 - equally heterosexual and homosexual
4 - predominantly homosexual, but more than incidentally heterosexual
5 - predominantly homosexual, incidentally heterosexual
6 - exclusively homosexual |
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| Characteristics Most Helpers Have |
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-being open, honest, and genuine
-finding satisfaction in one's work
-having a sense of identity and feelings of worth
-being skilled in interpersonal relationships
-ability to be sympathetic and nurturing
-being committed to family and other relationships
-deepened self-awareness and motivation for growth |
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| Exposing vs. Imposing Values |
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exposing: these are my (the counselor) values
imposing: these are my values and you should believe them too |
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the passing on or displacing of an emotion or attitude from one person to another person or object.
EX: kicking the dog after a bad day at work |
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the therapist's displacement of an emotion of attitude onto the client
EX: therapist assumes the client is lying because she reminds her of her mother, who always lied |
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| a mother/father/grandparent/brother/sister/ etc should.... |
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| refers to the social and psycologial organization of the family system, including factors such as birth order and the individual's perception of self in the family context. |
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| when a healthy person has achieved both a psychological separateness from and a sense of intimacy with his or her family |
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| means you have questioned the values you live by and made them your own |
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| allow each member to have a separate life as well as a shared life within the family |
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| characterized by closed communication, poor self-esteem of one or both parents, and by rigid patterns |
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| Erkison's Theory of Human Development Stages |
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1. INFANCY: birth to 18 months: Trust v. Mistrust; insecure children come to view the world as a frightening, unreliable, and dangerous place
2. EARLY CHILDHOOD: 18 months-3yrs: Autonomy vs. Shame; children who lack autonomy have poor impulse control and experience shame and doubt about their capabilities
3. PLAY AGE: 3-5 yrs: Initiative vs. Guilt; during this time period we experience a desire to copy the adults around us and take initiative in creating play situations. If we are frustrated over natural desires and goals, we may easily experience guilt. |
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-clients who make you something you are not
-clients who see you as a super-person
-clients who make unrealistic demands on you
-clients who displace anger onto you
-clients who fall in love with you |
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-clients who make you something you are not
-clients who see you as a super-person
-clients who make unrealistic demands on you
-clients who displace anger onto you
-clients who fall in love with you |
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the individuals reluctance to bring into conscious awareness threatening material that has been previously repressed or denied
*are the ways in which we attempt to protect ourselves from anxiety and defend ourselves from pain
*resistance is a natural part of the therapeutic process |
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PROS: it causes clients to think before they leap
CONS: may make clients hesitate to make changes |
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| living in an encapsulated environment and thereby see only what confirms your existing beliefs while ignoring evidence to the contrary |
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the act of talking with clients about what we think is going on between us as client and helper
EX: "this is what im feeling right now. is this correct?" |
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characterized by time-limiting interventions, cost-effective methods, careful monitoring of services, and preventive rather than curative strategies
*unfortunately geared towards brief interventions for symptom reduction and not self-exploration aimed at long-term behavior change
*guided by insurance company
*to get reimbursed, you must have a diagnosis |
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a written, signed contract about what therapy will include as well as any possible risks to participation
*it provides structure
*assess problems and focus on what they want to change
*create a climate for change |
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| Where do we get diagnosis's from? |
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| DSM IV - The Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
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| Who was the founder of psychoanalytic theory? |
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| First three stages of the psychoanalytic theory? |
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-the first 18 months of life an infant looks for instinctual needs to be met through oral gratification
-fixation at the oral stage from deprivation and over-gratification leads to an oral personality
-traits: pessimism/optimism, suspiciousness/gullibility, self-belittlement/cockiness, passivity/manipulativeness, envy/admiration
-Leads to specific defenses:
-denial - use sleep as a defense
-projection: spitting up the unwanted and making it part of the external world
-incorporation: eating and drinking and making the objects a part of oneself |
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-18 months to 3 yrs.
-children in this stage realize that their desire to play with the anus conflicts with society's views
-if caregivers are too demanding or overindulgent, children are more likely to be fixated at the anal stage
-traits: stinginess/over-generosity, constrictedness/expansiveness, stubbornness/acquiescence, orderliness/messiness, meticulous/dirtiness, punctuality/tardiness, precision/vagueness
-Leads to specific defenses:
*reaction formation: "experiencing the opposite of what one truly desires"
*undoing: "atoning for unacceptable desires or actions"
*intellectualization: "the process of neutralizing affect-laden experiences by talking in intellectual of logical terms" |
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-3-6 years
-sexual desires are focused on the genitalia, the own and in the opposite sex
-penis envy arises at this stage
-traits: vanity/self-hatred, pride/humility, stylishness/plainness, flirtatiousness/shyness, gregariousness/isolation, brashness/bashfulness
-oedipal conflict, castration anxiety fixation at the phallic stage comes from overindulgence or over-rejection |
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(unconscious)
-source of all energy and drive, animalistic and primitive urges, impulsive, demanding, cannot delay gratification |
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(Preconscious)
-communicator or referee between the ID and the Superego.
-tries to balance the two
-reason and common sense |
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(conscious)
-strives for perfection and morality
-"the agency of the personality within which develops a framework of conscience, self-observation, and the formation of ideals"
-works in contradiction to the id; superego strives to act in a socially appropriate manner, whereas the id just wants instant self-gratification
-controls our sense of right and wrong and guilt |
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| Criticisms for Psychoanalytic Theory |
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*behaviorists think it is too subjective and unscientific, unconscious process cannot be measured
*existentialists think its too objective and deterministic, looks at people as objects
*integrative people think it is inflexible, lengthy and expensive |
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| Founder of Psychodynamic Theory? |
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