Term
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Definition
| blocks entrance of Choline into cholinergic nerve (inhibits synthesis of ACh) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits entry of dopamine into vesicle where NE synthesis occurs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ACh agonist. it activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle. Use is for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention. |
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Term
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Definition
| ACh agonists. they activate ciliary muscle of the eye (open angle), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle). Use for glaucoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| reversibly binds to AChE. increases endogenous ACh. Use for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myastenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade post-op |
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Term
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Definition
| reversibly binds AChE, increases endogenous ACh and increases strength. Use for myasthenia gravis. |
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Term
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Definition
| reversible inhibitor of AChE. increases endogenous ACh. use for DX of myasthenia gravis b/c it is so short acting |
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Term
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Definition
| reversibly binds AChE, increases endogenous ACh. Use for glaucoma (crosses BBB -> CNS), and atropine OD |
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Term
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Definition
| irreversibly binds to AChE. increases endogenous ACh. Use for glaucoma. |
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Term
| Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning SX and TX |
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Definition
DUMBBELSS - Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, and Salivation.
TX - Atropine plus pralidoxime (to regenerate active cholinesterase) |
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Term
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Definition
| muscarinic antagonist. results in increased pupil dilation, cycloplegia, decreased airway secretions, decreased acid secretion in stomach, decreased gut motility, decreased urgency in cystitis. Blocks SLUD - salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation. |
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Term
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Definition
| increased body temperature, rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry and flushed skin, cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation. Side effects: "hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter." |
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Term
| atropine, homatropine, tropicamide use |
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Definition
| produce mydriasis and cycloplegia |
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Term
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Definition
| muscarinic antagonist. used for Parkinson's disease |
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Term
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Definition
| muscarinic antagonist. used for motion sickness |
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Term
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Definition
| muscarinic antagonist. Used for asthma, COPD |
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Term
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Definition
| nicotinic ACh receptor antagonist. Use - ganglionic blocker. used to prevent vagal reflex responses to changes in BP (eg - prevents reflex bradycardia caused by NE) |
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Term
| Alpha selective cardiovascular effects |
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Definition
| decreased HR due to reflex bradycardia, vasoconstriction causes increases in both systolic and diastolic BP. increased mean BP, no change in pulse pressure |
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Term
| Beta selective cardivascular effects |
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Definition
| increases HR and contractility. vasodilates skeletal muscle vessels. small decrease in systolic pressure, large decrease in diastolic pressure. decrease in mean BP and increased pulse pressure. |
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Term
| non-selective sympathomimetic cardiovascular effects |
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Definition
| increased contractility, increased stroke volume and cardiac output. increase in systolic BP, decreased diastolic BP. no change in mean BP, increased pulse pressure |
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Term
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Definition
alpha 1 and 2, beta 1 and 2 agonist.
Use - anaphylaxis, glaucoma (open angle), asthma, hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
alpha 1 and 2, beta 1 agonist. (alpha > beta)
Use - hypotension (but decrease in renal perfusion) |
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Term
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Definition
beta 1 and 2 agonist.
Use - AV block (rare) |
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Term
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Definition
D1 = D2 > beta > alpha agonist.
Use - shock (with increased renal perfusion), heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
beta 1 > beta 2 agonist.
Use - shock, heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
indirect general agonist, releases stored catecholamines.
Use - narcolepsy, obesity, ADD |
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Term
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Definition
indirect general agonist, releases stored catecholamines.
Use - nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
alpha 1 > alpha 2 agonist.
Use - pupil dilator, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion |
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Term
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Definition
beta 2 > beta 1 agonist.
Use - asthma |
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Term
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Definition
indirect general agonist, uptake inhibitor.
It causes vasoconstiction and local anesthesia. |
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Term
| Clonidine, alpha-methyldopa |
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Definition
centrally acting alpha agonist, decreased central adrenergic outflow.
Use - HTN especially with renal disease b/c it doesn't cause a decrease in blood flow to the kidney |
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Term
| non-selective alpha blockers |
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Definition
| phenoxybenzamine (irreversible), and phentolamine (reversible) |
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Term
| phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine use and toxicity |
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Definition
Use - pheochromocytoma
Toxicity - orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia |
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Term
| alpha 1 selective blockers (3) |
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Definition
| prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin |
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Term
| prazosin, terazosin, and doxazosin use and toxicity |
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Definition
Use - HTN, urinary retention in BPH
Toxicity - 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache |
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Term
| alpha 2 selective blocker |
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Definition
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Term
| mirtazapine use and toxicity |
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Definition
Use - depression
Toxicity - sedation, increased cholesterol, increased appetite |
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Term
| non-selective beta blockers (5) |
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Definition
| propranolol, timolol, pindolol, nadolol, and labetalol (also blocks alpha 1) |
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Term
| beta 1 selective blockers (5) |
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Definition
| A BEAM - Acebutolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol (short acting), Atenolol, Metoprolol |
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Term
| beta blocker effect on HTN |
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Definition
| decreased cardiac output, decreased renin secretion |
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Term
| beta blocker effect on angina pectoris |
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Definition
| decreased heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased O2 consumption |
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Term
| beta blocker effect on MI |
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Definition
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Term
| beta blocker effect on SVT |
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Definition
| propranolol and esmolol decrease AV conduction velocity |
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Term
| beta blocker effect on CHF |
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Definition
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Term
| beta blocker effect on glaucoma |
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Definition
| timolol decreases secretion of aqueous humor |
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Term
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Definition
| impotence, exacerbation of asthma, bradycardia, AV block, CHF, sedation, sleep alterations. Use with caution in diabetics |
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Term
| Epinephrine as a glaucoma drug |
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Definition
MOA - increased outflow of aqueous humor.
SE - mydriasis, stinging, do not in closed-angle glaucoma |
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Term
| Brimonidine (alpha agonist) as a glaucoma drug |
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Definition
MOA - decreased humor synthesis.
no pupillary or vision changes |
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Term
| Beta blockers as glaucoma drugs (timolol, betaxolol, careolol) |
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Definition
| decreased aqueous humor synthesis. no pupillary or vision changes |
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Term
| Acetazolamide as a glaucoma drug |
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Definition
| decreases aqueous humor secretion due to decreased HCO3. no pupillary or vision changes. |
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Term
| cholinomimetics as glaucoma drugs (pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate) |
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Definition
| increased outflow of aqueous humor; contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular meshwork. SE - miosis, cyclospasm |
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Term
| Latanoprost (a prostaglandin) as a glaucoma drug |
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Definition
| increases outflow of aqueous humor. SE - darkens color of iris. |
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