Know the function of public health

People live longer because we teach them to live better

1) Define a health problem

2) Identify risk factors of the problem

3) Develop and test community level interventions to control the problem

4) Implement interventions to improve the health of the population

5) Monitor those interventions to assess effectiveness

ex. of public health: Flu Shots

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment

Know the three core functions of public health

A: Assessment- Detection and Prediction

P: Policy Development and Action Plan

A:Assurance Delivery

Know the difference between medicine and public health

•Community Focus vs  Individual Patients

•Assessment = Diagnosis

•Policy development = Treatment plan

•Assurance = Treatment

•Focus on prevention, not cure

•Less public and political attention to PH

Focuses on the Society as and developing the society to keep them healthy

•Emergency MedicinePublic Health

–Individual patient- Whole Population

–Curative- Preventative

–Interest in injury control-Interest in Injury Control

–Control of infectious diseases- Control of Infectious Diseases

–ED source of Primary Care-Immunizations

–In facility- In Community

-Know the primary components of a system

> Input

> Output

> Process

> Feedback

Know the four items that were not included in the original 15 components but were included in the 14 attributes 

>Not included in original 15 components

1)Medical direction

2)System finance

3)Regulation and policy

4)Trauma systems

-Know where the 14 attributes came from

1996 EMS Agenda for the Future published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

-Know the branch of government that creates laws

> Legislative

15 components; 

•EMS Systems Act of 1973

–1974 – 1981

–$308,456,000 granted

–Categorical funding-19 components

–5 year funding period

–25% annually to rural areas

–Local matching funds

15 components:

1) communications- 991 system

2) Manpower

3) Training of personnel→ certifications/license

4) Use of public safety agencies→ close cooperation of the FD/PD/Ambulance

5)Transportation

6)Mutual Aid Agreements→ allow agencies to share resources across and within jurisdictional boundaries

7)Facility→ allow EMS to prioritize injury and transport to special facilities if needed

8) Accessibility of Care-->Universal provisions of EMS regardless of ability to pay

9) Critical care units→ Aftercare

10) Transfer of Patients; move patients from one system to another

11) Standard medical record keeping→ completed record incidents from multiple parties

12) Independent Review and Evaluation:

13) Consumer info and education: advertisement introduced citizens to the local 911 system; helped to ensure a component of EMS is ready to function

14) Consumer Participation

15) Disaster Linkage: Provides EMS with the ability to respond to trauma with multiple parties involved

Know what agency licenses EMT’s and paramedics

MIEMSS: -Maryland’s lead agency is MIEMSS

Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems (MIEMSS) →  The Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems (MIEMSS) oversees and coordinates all components of the statewide EMS system in accordance with Maryland statute and regulation. This includes planning, operations, evaluation, and research. In addition, MIEMSS provides leadership and medical direction, conducts and supports EMS educational programs, operates and maintains a statewide communications system, designates trauma and specialty centers, licenses and regulates commercial ambulance services, and participates in EMS-related public education and prevention programs.

Know the date of the highway safety act

•Highway Safety Act of 1966

–PL 89-564

–EMS program in U.S. DOT

–Highway safety as public health concern

–NHTSA created

Causes of negligence

•Failure to take timely actions•Abandonment

–Response                •Screening problems

–Treatment

–Transport

•Inadequate resources

–Sufficient personnel

–Training level

–Proper equipment and maintenance

•Improper medical care

•Vehicle crashes

Reason why EMTALA was created

•Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985

–Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)

–Anti-dumping laws

–Initial ED evaluation required

–Transfer guidelines

–Civil monetary penalties

It requires hospitals to provide emergency health care treatment to anyone needing it regardless of citizenship, legal status, or ability to pay. There are no reimbursement provisions. Participating hospitals may not transfer or discharge patients needing emergency treatment except with the informed consent or stabilization of the patient or when their condition requires transfer to a hospital better equipped to administer the treatment.

Anti Dumping Laws→ refers to patient dumping

What piece of legislation created FICEMS

-Difference between assault and battery

Administrative law is the body of law that allows for the creation of public regulatory agencies and contains all of the statutes, judicial decisions, and regulations that govern them. It is created by administrative agencies to implement their powers and duties in the form of rules, regulations, orders, and decisions. Administrative procedure constitutes the methods and processes before administrative agencies, as distinguished from judicial procedure, which applies to courts.

The Administrative Procedure Act

what was the location of the first volunteer rescue squad in the US

"The Roanoke Life Saving Crew"

ROANOKE

Check this

4 components of a lead ems system