Term
| Sono findings in acute appendicitis |
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Definition
•Graded compression
•Appendix < 6 mm diameter
•Non compressible |
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Term
|
Definition
•Mesenteric adenitis
•Yersenia gastroenteritis
•PID
•Ectopic pcy
•Lithiasis
•Pyelonephritis
•Chron's
•Diverticulitis |
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Term
| Dx study of choice for esophageal F.B.? |
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Definition
| Endoscopy - which can also be curative. *Note: Barium obscures endosopist's view |
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Term
|
Definition
•HepB sAg: confirms infx; ↑infectivity
•IgM anti HB core: implies acute infxn;↑infectivity
•Anti Hbe: low infectitivy
•HBe Ag: ↑infectivity
[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
• HBIg - passive immunization
• HepBVacc - Active immunization
NB HepA - for travelers endemic areas |
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Term
| Clinical presentation of Chron's |
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Definition
| Pain, fever, V/D, anorexia |
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Term
|
Definition
• Guaiac (+)
• Fecal Leukocytes (+) |
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|
Term
| Rice water stools w/ raw oysters |
|
Definition
❑ Vibrio Cholera
• Severe dehydration
• Hyperchloremic acidosis
• Loss of bicarbonate in stools |
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|
Term
| MCC lower esophageal dysphagia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Si/Sx Pseudomembranous colitis |
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Definition
| •Crampy abd pain •Fever •Watery diarrhea w/blood •7-10 days after abx |
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|
Term
| MC site of esophageal foreign body to be lodged: a. Overall b.Peds c.adults |
|
Definition
a. Overall: Crycopharyngeal mm (C6)
b. Peds: Crycopharyngeal mm (C6)
c. Adults: Gastroesophageal junction (T11)
Also common, adjacent to aorta (T4) |
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|
Term
| Risk factors for cholecystitis |
|
Definition
•Female
•Multiparity
•↑age
•Obesity
•Rapid weight loss
•Hypolipid agents
•Estrogen tx
•Fam Hx -Chronic hemolysis
•Gallbladder stasis syndromes |
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|
Term
| MC location for peptic ulcers |
|
Definition
•Lesser curvature of the stomach: assoc w/delayed gastric emptying
and
•Early duodenum: assoc. w/hypersecretion |
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|
Term
| Hepatotoxins mimic viral hepatitis |
|
Definition
•Halothane
•INH
•Methyldopa
•Phenytoin |
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|
Term
| Causes of small bowel perforation |
|
Definition
•Enteric coated drugs
•Infxn
•Trauma
•Strangulated hernia
•Regional entity |
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|
Term
| Predisposing factors for PUD |
|
Definition
| Tob, Caff, EtOH, bile salts, ASA, NSAIDS, corticosteroids, H.Pylori |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Through Hessebach's canal •↑ risk w/↑age •Rarely incarcerate •Relaxed abd musculature |
|
|
Term
| Aeromonas hydrophilia gastroenteritis |
|
Definition
| •Entrotoxic •untreated water •children •AIDS/Immunocompromised •Tx: supportive, abx Cipro, Bac |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Left shoulder pain assoc. w/splenomegalyy or splenic rupture assoc w/EBV |
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|
Term
| Extra-intestinal manifestations of Crohn's |
|
Definition
| Joint (arthritis, ankylosis spondylitis), Derm (erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum), Ophtha (vasculitis, episcleritis, iritis, conjunctivitis), Vascular (vasculitis, arteritis, thromboemolia), Other(GB dz, liver dz, gwoth retard, hyperoxaluria w/renal stones) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Perianal (abscess, fissure, fistulas, rectal prolapse, recto-vaginal fistula), Intestinal (obst, abscess, fistula, stricture, perforation, hemorrhage), Toxic megacolon (6%), massive bleeding (>50%), malignanacy (3x more freq) |
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|
Term
| Characteristics of Mallory-Weiss syndrome |
|
Definition
| Usually after violent retching. Prominant Sx is bleeding. Also dys/odynophagia |
|
|
Term
| What is Mallory-Weiss Syndrome |
|
Definition
Partial thickness tear of the Right posterolateral amdominothoracic esophageal wall (mucosa & submucosa) • nonpenetrating mucosal laceration of the distal esophagus and proximal stomach
[image] |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Full thickness/transmural/penetrating mucosal perforation of esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sufasalazaine + Steroids + ∅milk +Fe |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fecalith in appendicitis x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sufasalazaine + Steroids + ∅milk products +antidiarrheals, metronidazole + azothrioprine/6-mercaptopurine |
|
|
Term
| Si/Sx Yersenia enterocolitis |
|
Definition
| Fever, cramps, bloody diarrhea, erythema nodosum, arthritis |
|
|
Term
| Complication of Yersenia enterocolitis |
|
Definition
| Mesenteric adenitis/ terminal ileus |
|
|
Term
| Tx Yersenia enterocolitica |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Predisposing factors for mesenteric vascular occl/inf |
|
Definition
| Arrythmia (A-Fib), CHF, recent MI, valvular heart dz, diuretics, vasocontriction, ↑coag state, ↓TN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fever, chills, abd pain, jaundice |
|
|
Term
| What does Charcot's triad diagnoses |
|
Definition
| Ascending cholangitis - surgical emergency w/ high mortalitiy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •RNA virus •Similar to HepB trnsmission •Milder illness than HepB •Chronic state 50-60%, oftern leading to cirrhosis •Predisposes to hepatocellular CA |
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|
Term
| Causes of large bowel obstruction |
|
Definition
| •MC: tumor descending colon (ascending colon ->bleeding) •Diverticulum •Volvulus •Fecal impact |
|
|
Term
| MCC of pseudomembranous enterocolitis |
|
Definition
| •Clostridium difficile •Tx w/ cephalosporins (keflex,Ancef), ampi, clinda, lincomycin |
|
|
Term
| Precipitate hepatic encephalopathy |
|
Definition
| •Azotemia (GIB, ↑prot diet) •Sedatives •Analgesics •Trauma •Hypokalemic met alkalosis |
|
|
Term
| Risk for gallbladder perforation |
|
Definition
| •Elderly •Diabetic •Atherosclerosis •Hx of gallstones Hemolytis d/o |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2ry to: APAP, CCl4, Yellow phosphorus, Mushroom (amanila phalloides) |
|
|
Term
| Rx Diverticulitis analgesia |
|
Definition
| Demerol (Meperidine) - interferes w/semental colong contraction |
|
|
Term
| Rx C/I in Diverticulitis analgesia |
|
Definition
| Opiates - ↑luminal pressure of sigmoid |
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|
Term
| Mallory-Weiss predisposing factors |
|
Definition
| EtOH, hiatal hernia, esophagisits, gastritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most reliable indicator of impending esophageal perforation |
|
Definition
| Pleuritic chest pain (chest, epig., back) exacerbated w/swallowing or neck flexion |
|
|
Term
| Mesenteric vascular occlusion/infarct test |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •15-40 y/o •W>B •Jews 4-8x > non-jews •fam Hx 10-15% •Generally increasing over past 30 yrs |
|
|
Term
| Tx Button Battery ingestion |
|
Definition
| •In esophagus - immediate endo-removal •Stomach or ↓ - outpt f-up, if not passed in 1 wks, O/P endoscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: EtOH, & biliary; Abd trauma, surgery, ERCP, thiazides, lasix, azathioprine, tetracycline, sulfonamides, penetrating peptic ulcer, mumps, viral hep, mono, mycoplasm, hyperlipidemia, hypercalcemia |
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|
Term
| MCC acute diarrhea in USA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complications of ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: adhesions; hernia, neoplasm, intussusception, gallstones ileus, bezoars, Crohn's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic inflamm w/ulcers of colon/rectum; bloddy stools/crampy abd pain; only mucosa & submucosa; crypt abscess; epithelial necrosis; mucosal ulceration; rectosigmoid 95% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 types of mesenteric vascular occlusion / infarction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of 90% anal fissure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leading cause of bacterial diarrhea in USA? Who is at highest risk? |
|
Definition
| Campylobacter enteritis. Most risk: young children, homosexual, AIDS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •RNA virus •Fecal-oral route •H2O/food •15-50 days incubation period •Fecal shedding x 2 wks •No carrier state •mild |
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