Term
| 6 components that should be in a crash kit are: |
|
Definition
ET tube
Laryngoscope
IV catheter/fluids
ER drugs
Ambu bag
Suction |
|
|
Term
| Clinical evaluation should focus on what four organs? |
|
Definition
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Central NS
Renal |
|
|
Term
| Triage list in order (8): |
|
Definition
-Respiratory
-Circulatory (cardiac)
-Hemorrhage
-Shock
-Toxin ingestion
-Obstruction
-Neurologic
-Other (fracture/laceration)
|
|
|
Term
| What should be assessed in the first few seconds? |
|
Definition
-HR & Rhythm
-Puls & Quality
-CRT & MM
-Temp
-BP
-Wt |
|
|
Term
What should be obtained after the patient is stabilized?
|
|
Definition
-Wt (if not before)
-PCV/TPP
-Urine SG
-Blood gas (from artery)
-Pain assessment |
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of respiratory arrest? |
|
Definition
-Shock
-Overdose of Anesth
-Severe head injury
-Structural disorder (chest wall/diaphragm)
-Pulmonary thromboembolism
-Disorders of pulmonary parenchyma (pneumonia, edema, contusions)
-Oral/Tracheal foreign bodies |
|
|
Term
| What are the treatments for respiratory arrest? |
|
Definition
-Provide O2
-Clear airway
-ET tube
-Artificial respiration
-Jen Chung
(Treat underlying pulmonary disease:)
`Pul Edema: give diuretic`
`Pleur effusion: thoracocentesis` |
|
|
Term
| What are causes of Cardiac arrest? |
|
Definition
-Hypoxia
-OD
-Shock
-Hypothermia
-Head/Chest trauma
-Embolism
-Electrical shock |
|
|
Term
| Warning signs of Cardiac arrest? |
|
Definition
-Change in EKG/Puls rate
-Pulse deficit
-Rapid shallow respirations, cyanosis
-Dark blood
-Dilated pupils
|
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Cardiac arrest: |
|
Definition
-If under anesth turn off
-Check airway
-Provide adequate ventilation(ambu/artificial)
-CPCR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Airway
Breathing
Circulation (compressions)
Drugs
ECG
Fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Check for obstructions & place ET tube if available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Artificial Respiration)
Give 2 quick breaths if nothing then do 12-20 per min (1breath q 3-5 s) |
|
|
Term
| Circulation (compressions) |
|
Definition
-Position (RLat for most, Dorsal for barrel chested)
-Clench hands
-Compress
(80-100 times p/min > 15 #)
(120 times p/min < 15 #) |
|
|
Term
| What is recommended if no cardiac response within 10 min? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is one of the most common and increases HR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is also very common, increases HR, & is a cardiac stimulant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is controversial because it will increase the brain's demand for oxygen and is a respiratory stimulant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 preffered routes in order for drug administration? |
|
Definition
-Jugular
-Peripheral forelimb
-Intratracheal
-Intracardiac (during open chest compressions only) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Green & white on the right & Christmas in the rear |
|
|
Term
| Pneumothorax is defined as |
|
Definition
Free air in the pleural cavity
(makes breathing difficult) |
|
|
Term
| What are some treatment options for Pneumothorax? |
|
Definition
-Cage rest (mild case)
-Thoracocentesis (air from pleural cavity)
-Chest tube (severe) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood in the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for a hemothorax is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ can cause painful breathing and/or puncture a lung. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
__ chest destroys normal function of the chest wall & ends of at least 2 ribs are broken.
-Will require surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for a fractured rib? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Puncture wound treatment requires: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Laryngeal Paralysis treatment requires: |
|
Definition
O2 & sedation
surgery ( tracheostomy or tie back) |
|
|
Term
| What can cause severe dyspnea and is a tear in the diaphragm which alows abdominal contents to move into the chest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How would you treat a diaphragmatic hernia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some general treatments for Thorax problems? |
|
Definition
-Maintain airway
-Give O2
-Treat shock (if present)
-Avoid stress
-Place functional side upward |
|
|
Term
| Name 4 cardiac emergencies: |
|
Definition
- Pericardial effusion
- Arrhythmias
- Heart failure
- Saddle thrombus |
|
|
Term
| Fluid/blood in pericardial sac |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three types of arrhythmias: |
|
Definition
| V-tach, V-fib, & A-V blocks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Not common in animals and only time a defibrillator is used. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lack of conduction of electrical impulses through AV node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heart disease is defined as ____ or ____ backing up. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Happens mainly in cats and is when a blood clot is lodged at bifurcation of abdominal aorta to iliac artery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 methods to control a Massive Hemorrhage: |
|
Definition
- Pressure bandage
- Pressure points
- Clamping w/ forceps
- Tourniquet |
|
|
Term
| Tourniquet can only be left on for ____ minutes and can never be covered! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fall in blood pressure causing insufficient perfusion of blood to tissues, cellular hypoxia, and death. |
|
|
Term
| The _____/_____ sign of shock where the body is attempting to maintain BP by ^ cardiac output. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____/______ sign of shock that occurs if there is progressive underlying disease. |
|
Definition
| Uncompensated/hypodynamic |
|
|
Term
| What are four types/forms of shock? |
|
Definition
- Cardiogenic
- Distributive
- Obstructive
- Hypovolemic/Hemorrhagic |
|
|
Term
| Cardiogenic results from: |
|
Definition
| The heart failing due to diseases. |
|
|
Term
| Distributive shock is associated with: |
|
Definition
| flow maldistribution assoc w/pathologic vasodilation. |
|
|
Term
| Obstructive shock has to do with the ____ obstruction of the _____ system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypovolemic/Hemorrhagic is the most common form of shock and deals w/ decreased __ volume. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are four neurologic emergencies? |
|
Definition
| Mentation, Spine or head injury, IVDD, & Seizures. |
|
|
Term
| Four factors of mentation are: |
|
Definition
Quiet
Dull/obtunded
Stuporous (loss/partial of consciousness)
Comatose (complete loss of consciousness) |
|
|
Term
| Maintain body temp, Rotate q 4h, IV fluids, Nutrition = |
|
Definition
| General care for comatose/stuporous patients. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What position should an animal be in when moving w/ a head /spine injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two clinical signs associated w/ a head/spine injury: |
|
Definition
| Change in mentation/consciousness & change in Papillary light response. |
|
|
Term
| Mannitol is contraindicated in _____ or _____ bleeding cases. But can reduce brain swelling. |
|
Definition
| Hypovolemic or Intracranial |
|
|
Term
| Ways to treat head/spine injury: |
|
Definition
Maintain airway
Fluids
Drugs:
(Mannitol & Furosemide) |
|
|
Term
| IVDD stands for ____ _____ _____. |
|
Definition
| Intravertebral disc disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disk material is protruded/extruded compressing on the spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| IVDD is common in which breeds? |
|
Definition
| Dachsunds, corgis, basset hounds, poodle, cockers, & Pekingese. (Chondrodysplastic breeds) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for acute paralysis of IVDD has to be done in ____ to ___ hours to preserve function. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some forms of poisoning? |
|
Definition
- Acetaminophen
- Chocolate (theobromine)
- Ethylene Glycol (antifreeze)
- Zinc (batteries, pennies, shampoo)
- NSAIDs (Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatories)
- Pyrethrin
- Organophosphate |
|
|
Term
Emetics
Gastric lavage
Cathartics (laxative)
Washing
Chelation (binds & eliminates) |
|
Definition
| Methods of decontaminating a poisoned animal: |
|
|
Term
| Antidote for tylenol toxicity is ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brown/muddy MM
Dark/Chocolate colored blood |
|
|
Term
| The type of _____ and size of patient is important when dealing with ____ toxicity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the lethal dose of Ethylene Glycol for a dog? and cat? |
|
Definition
Dog= 4-6 ml/kg
Cat= 1.5 ml/kg |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Ethylene Glycol? |
|
Definition
| Antizol Vet or run alcohol IV |
|
|
Term
| What are some common sources of Zinc toxicity (only known in dogs)? |
|
Definition
- Batteries
- Pennies after 1982
- Calamine lotion
- Paints
- Shampoo |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Zinc toxicity is: |
|
Definition
| Removal of source via surgery/endoscopy |
|
|
Term
| Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) are known as human/Vet OTC ____ ____ . A clinical sign is dark tarry stool called _____. And there is only ______ care for this toxicity. |
|
Definition
Pain meds
Melena
Supportive |
|
|
Term
| Pyrethrin toxicity is due to ____; such as in flea products, shampoo's, and topicals. Mainly in ____ and also from __ __ __ products. Treatment is to bathe w/ ____ dish soap. |
|
Definition
Chemicals
Cats
Over the counter
Dawn |
|
|
Term
| Organophosphate toxicity is due to ___ control products and is ____ potent. Treatment for this would be a ____ or emesis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are four forms of rodenticide toxicity? |
|
Definition
- Anticoagulant (Vitamin K1)
- Bromethalin
- Phosphide
- Cholcalciferol (Vitamin D3) |
|
|
Term
| Occurs 3-7 days post ingestion and can cause hemorrhage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in rodenticides, sensitive to cats, and causes cerebral edema.
Treatment: corticosteroids and emesis |
|
|
Term
| Found in mole/gopher baits and causes phosphate gas. Treatment is decontamination and gastric lavage. |
|
Definition
| Phosphide (Zinc, Aluminum, Calcium) toxicity |
|
|
Term
| Cholcalciferol (Vit D3) can cause ____ in excessive amounts, promotes ____ retention. Treatment is preventing _____ and diuresis. |
|
Definition
Hypercalcemia
Calcium
Absorption |
|
|
Term
| Decreases calcium absorption from the bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Foreign body
- Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis
- Pancreatitis
- Gastric Dilitation & Volvus (GDV) |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms occur 1-3 days post ingestion. Two most common areas to obstructs are ____ outflow and _____ junction. |
|
Definition
Foreign body
Pyloric
Ileocecal |
|
|
Term
| Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis is common in ___. Caused by ___ indiscretion, ____, and Viral. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation due to activation of digestive enzymes resulting in auto digestion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes and treatment of Pancreatitis are |
|
Definition
Dietary ind
Breed: schnauzers, yorkies, beagle
&
Fluids and pain meds |
|
|
Term
| Gastric dilitation volvus is caused by an animal with a ____ chest. ____ eating and ______ after eating. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GDV is also known as ____. Treatment is relieving the gas with ___ or a gastropexy (surgery to abd wall). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two of the Opthomalogical emergencies |
|
|
Term
| Bulging of the eye due to trauma. Common in brachycephalic breeds. Can be put back in if ____ humor isn't escaped. Eye sutured shut while healing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased intraocular pressure and can cause blindness. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used for a glaucoma patient to measure their intraocular pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug that decreases fluid production (Glaucoma treatment). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug that opens angle by constricting the pupil allowing fluid to drain (also Glaucoma treatment). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List four other emergencies not in a specific group: |
|
Definition
- Electric shock
- Burns
- Urinary obstruction
- Gorilla glue |
|
|
Term
| Electric shock is common in ____ & ____ because they like to chew on wires. Signs are burns on the ____ , ____ edema, or heart ____. |
|
Definition
Puppies and Exotics
Mouth
Pulmonary
Arrhythmia |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Electric shock is ___ , ___ , and ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many degrees of burns are there? Prognosis of this is based upon the ___ body surface area affected. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superficial (epidermis) w/ no blisters but red. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superficial of all layers of dermis w/ blisters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Full thickness all layers of dermis white/black leathery. Will heal w/ scarring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Full thickness of dermis, SQ fat, and others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clip & clean
Fluids
Antibiotics
Pain meds
Bandage
Nutrition |
|
|
Term
| Smoke/steam inhalation can cause ____ and ____ edema and is critical w/ in the first 4-5 days (72 hours). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fairly common in ___ cats, it is known as a blockage in the urethra/ureters. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for urinary obstruction: |
|
Definition
Catheter to unblock
Flush bladder
Diuresis
+- Surgery |
|
|
Term
| Expands and drys in the stomach, tastes good to dogs, most always surgery is needed. |
|
Definition
|
|
