Term
| FEMA Disaster ID # for Hurricane Katrina |
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Definition
| FEMA Disaster ID # for Hurricane Katrina = 1603 |
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Term
| FEMA Disaster ID # for Hurricane Rita |
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Definition
| FEMA Disaster ID # for Hurricane Rita = 1607 |
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Term
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Definition
| IBC = International Building Code = international set of building standards |
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Term
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Definition
| BFE = Base Flood Elevation, ABFE = Adjusted Base Flood Elevation => minimum floor height above LOWEST point on ground for a building |
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Term
| What are the flood zones? |
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Definition
| V, A, B, C => A is worst, C is not so bad |
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Term
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Definition
| Predisaster attempts to reduce damage to people/property in event of a disaster |
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Term
| Dry vs. wet floodproofing |
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Definition
Dry = keeping things dry (building seals, BFE, strong windows/walls)
Wet = easily replace or dry out things after they get wet (carpet squares, stainless steel, etc) |
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Term
| What is the minimum windload for anything mounted to a roof? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the deadliest hurricane in US history? |
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Definition
| Galveston hurricane of 1900 (6000+ dead) |
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Term
| Describe measures taken after Galveston hurricane of 1900 |
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Definition
| Built 15-foot seawall, lots of population moved away |
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Term
| What is the role of the FEDERAL gov't in emergency situations? |
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Definition
| Always SECONDARY -> comes in when state requests help |
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Term
| Where does a state send a request for federal help to? |
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Definition
| Sends to FEMA Regional center (for Louisiana, FEMA Region 6 in Texas) |
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Term
| What is the TVA, and why is it significant? |
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Definition
| Tennessee Valley Authority. Began idea that humans could control nature -> dangerous because people started moving into previously uninhabitable areas, depending on constructions for safety |
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Term
| What was the role of emergency management in the 1950s? |
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Definition
| Civil Defense - air raids, bomb shelters |
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Term
| What is the NFIP? When was it created? |
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Definition
| National Flood Insurance Program, created in 1968. Federally mandated/funded programs that provided insurance for flood areas - by 1972, ALL federally backed mortgages HAVE to have NFIP coverage |
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Term
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Definition
| Louisiana Congressman Hale Boggs |
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Term
| What is HUD, when was it created? |
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Definition
| Housing and Urban Development, created in 1974 to be the primary agency for disaster response/recovery pre-FEMA. Still manages CDBG. |
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Term
| What is CDBG? What is it for? |
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Definition
| Community Development Block Grants, managed by HUD. Least red tape of any money in federal gov't. Goes toward community developments, buying up property in threatened areas. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many committees oversaw FEMA when it was created? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who became FEMA director in 1992, and why was he significant? |
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Definition
| James Lee Witt, first FEMA director to have actual emergency management experience as state director of Arkansas |
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Term
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Definition
| FEMA program implemented under Director Witt, aimed at community education and preparation at a local level (saw great success in Seattle earthquake disaster) |
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Term
| When was the Department of Homeland Security created? When did it open its doors? |
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Definition
| Legislation passed Nov. 25, 2002. Opened doors Jan. 24, 2003. |
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Term
| What is the name of the legislation that created FEMA? |
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Definition
| Presidential Reorganization Plan 3 (1978) described what FEMA would be. Actually created by Executive Order 12127 on Mar. 31, 1979. |
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Term
| What was FEMA's role (and under what director) during the Cold War 80's? |
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Definition
| Civil defense against nuclear attack, under Director "the General" Giuffrida |
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Term
| What did the focus of FEMA change to in 2001, and what happened because of it? |
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Definition
| Shifted view to encompass terrorism, began plans for incorporation into DHS. |
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Term
| What and when was "Hurricane Pam"? |
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Definition
| July 2004 theoretical hurricane scenario. |
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Term
| Who was the Director of FEMA for Hurricane Katrina? |
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Definition
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Term
| What scales measure earthquakes? |
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Definition
| Richter scale (overall quanti |
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Term
| What scales measure earthquakes? |
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Definition
| Richter Scale (0 - 10, overall quantity of magnitude) and Modified Mercalli Scale (I - XII, accounts for damage and effect) |
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Term
| What scale measures hurricanes? |
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Definition
| Saffir-Simpson Scale. 1-5, considers windspeed, storm surge, damage effects. |
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Term
| What scale measures tornadoes? |
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Definition
| Fujita-Pearson Scale (Old Scale went F-0 to F-5, basec on windspeed/damage), (Enhanced Scale goes F-0 to F-5, based solely on windspeed) |
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Term
| What scale measured winter storms? |
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Definition
| NESIS scale = Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale (goes 1-5) |
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Term
| What are some types of disasters? |
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Definition
| Floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, storm surges, landslides, tsunamis, volcanoes, severe winter storms, droughts, extreme heat, coastal erosion, thunderstorms, hailstorms, avalanches, dam failures, HazMat incidents, terrorism, nuclear attacks |
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Term
| What scale measures storm surge? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the tools of mitigation? |
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Definition
| Hazard identification and mapping, design and construction applications, land-use planning, financial incentives, insurance, structural controls |
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Term
| How might mitigation measures be counterproductive? |
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Definition
| Gives people a false sense of security, people move into areas that are not entirely safe (only protected by some mitigation), if mitigation fails then impact could be greater than if mitigation was not there at all |
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Term
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Definition
| Hazard Mitigation Grant Program - after disaster, gives money to communities to implement long-term mitigation measures against future disasters |
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Term
| What are some mitigation measures against tornadoes? |
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Definition
| In-ground or in-home shelters, early warning systems |
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Term
| What is the expanding order of response? |
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Definition
| Response at local level -> calls for state help -> calls for federal help |
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Term
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Definition
| National Incident Management System = plan for all-hazards response organization, ICS = Incident Command System, allows for coordinated and effective response to a disaster, especially among multiple agencies or multiple jurisdictions |
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Term
| What are the management divisions within ICS? |
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Definition
| Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, Finance |
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Term
| In Louisiana, who is the Incident Commander in the event of a hurricane? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The National Response Plan = a national response structure framework |
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Term
| What are the 15 Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) |
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Definition
| Transportation, Communications, Public Works/Engineering, Firefighting, Emergency Management, Mass Care/Housing/Human Services, Resource Support, Public Health and Medical Services, Urban Search and Rescue, Oil and Hazardous Materials Response, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Energy, Public Safety and Security, Long-Term Community Recovery and Mitigation, External Affairs |
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Term
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Definition
| Long-Term Community Recovery and Mitigation |
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Term
| What is a JIO? What does it do? |
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Definition
| Joint Information Center - embed the media in the event, help coordinate the flow of information (get the media on YOUR side) |
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Term
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Definition
| Emergency Operations Center - coordinates emergency response |
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Term
| What is the difference between Single Command and Unified Command? |
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Definition
| Single Command = single Incident Commander (IC), Unified Command = multiple agencies have representatives make decisions, but act as a body |
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Term
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Definition
| Public Information Officer - coordinates with media |
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Term
| Is emergency management about command and control, or coordination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is IA vs. PA? Give examples. |
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Definition
IA = Individual Assistance (FEMA trailers, loans, emergency debit cards)
PA = Public Assistance (rebuilding public buildings) |
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Term
| What is the difference between 'mitigation' and 'preparedness'? |
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Definition
Mitigation is designed to LESSEN THE IMPACT of a disaster on people/property.
Preparedness is to ENHANCE THE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE to a disaster. |
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Term
| What is the preparedness cycle? |
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Definition
| Threat assessment -> Planning/organization/training/equipping -> Exercise -> Evaluate effectiveness of exercise -> Start over |
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Term
| What are some special needs populations? |
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Definition
| Children, elderly, disabled, immigrants, transient (tourists/students), non-English-speaking, poor, illiterate, mentally ill, prisoners, homeless. Also pet owners, sex offenders, and the first responders themselves. |
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Term
| What was the foul-up with the handicapped buses in the Gustav evacuation wait? |
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Definition
| The handicapped waiting for the buses weren't as resilient to the heat during the waiting, and suffered more than the average population. |
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Term
| What is BCP? What does it involve? |
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Definition
| Business Continuity Planning - backing up of records outside disaster area, maintaining payroll records, Negative Time Entry - things to ensure that business can come back |
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Term
| What is Negative Time Entry as part of BCP? |
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Definition
| Making sure that employees are getting paid regardless of whether or not their time is being entered by hand - could be a snafu in a disaster. |
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Term
| When was Three Mile Island, and what came of it? |
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Definition
| 1979 radioactive steam release at nuclear power plant. Raised awareness of possibility of disaster, established Nuclear Regulatory Commission (requires plans, exercise, evaluation regularly) |
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Term
| According to Col. Rainwater, why is appearing to be in control of a situation so important? |
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Definition
| The public is looking for someone to reassure them that the situation is controlled, and that everything can return to normal eventually. If they do not perceive that the response is organized or effective, it could result in mass panic that could horribly exacerbate the situation. |
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Term
| According to Col. Rainwater, what is the job of emergency management ultimately about? (How do you know when you've succeeded?) |
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Definition
| All about getting things back to normal as quickly as possible. |
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Term
| What did the 2007 John Warner Defense Reauthorization Act do? |
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Definition
| Allows the President to take control of a state's National Guard in a disaster situation WITHOUT the consent of the Governor (it modifies the 1807 Insurrection Act) |
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Term
| What happens as soon as the President takes control of a state's National Guard? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between a 'line' agency and a 'staff' agency in disaster response? |
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Definition
Line agency = responsible for DOING something (DoD, HHS, HUD), but no single agency is responsible for the entire disaster
Staff agency = provides advice and support (NSC, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| Governor's Authorized Representative to FEMA |
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Term
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Definition
| Disaster Assistance Employee - someone who goes through training to be on-call for when a disaster happens in the future, but is not involved in disaster activities on a normal day-to-day basis |
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Term
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Definition
| FEMA's State Coordinating Officer |
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Term
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Definition
| Federal Coordinating Officer (senior official in a disaster) |
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Term
| What is Mark Cooper's biggest disaster fear? |
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Definition
| Someone launching a shoulder-mounted missile from a bridge, into Tiger stadium during a packed home game |
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Term
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Definition
| Principal Federal Official (Senior DHS official) |
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Term
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Definition
| The legislation passed in the aftermath of the Exxon Valdez incident, describing the management roles and responsibilities of the government and the private sector in an oil incident |
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Term
| According to Col. Rainwater, why is flexibility an important trait in an emergency manager? |
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Definition
| Plans never survive the onset of an actual emergency, it takes creativity and thinking on the spot to effectively run an adaptive response |
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Term
| Can a community be overwhelmed by resources? |
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Definition
| Yes - citizens will see piles of resources and personnel moving around with no apparent organization, will not inspire confidence in officials |
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Term
| According to Col. Rainwater, what is leadership all about? |
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Definition
| Taking risks and accepting responsibility. The best plan is to identify the risks and attack them as directly as possible. |
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Term
| What did Col. Rainwater say regarding data and the ICF monopoly? |
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Definition
| Data management is important! The ICF was doing their own bookkeeping and monitoring, and were cooking the books. Col. Rainwater's solution was to bring in an outside IT agency during the restructuring of the monopoly breakup |
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Term
| According to Col. Rainwater, why did the Louisiana Recovery Authority have zero effect when it was created? |
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Definition
| The director running it could make policy, but had no authority to enforce it. |
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Term
| What did Col. Rainwater say is the most effective direction to work during a disaster response? |
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Definition
| From the bottom -> up. The locals know what they need and how to implement it the best. |
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Term
| What three committees did Mark Cooper reorganize the GOHSEP office to include? |
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Definition
1. Interface with local OEP directors
2. Political/legislator representative committee liasion to EOC
3. Interoperability committee (radios, etc) |
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Term
| What is the federal/state split in cost before full federal responsibility? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what percentage of damage does FEMA award funding for an entirely new building, vs. fixing up the old one? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the "Get a Game Plan" initiative? |
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Definition
| An effort to increase general population awareness of disasters and to start thinking of response at an individual and family level |
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Term
| What, according to Mark Cooper, are the advantages of a Business EOC? |
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Definition
| Improved communications with critical businesses during and after a disaster, utilizing businesses to help solve emergency management problems (i.e. the MRE shortage during Gustav), help come up with better and quicker Economic Impact plans and updates, begin the recovery process sooner, and support volunteer organizations through retail contacts |
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Term
| What was the first federal assistance to a local disaster? |
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Definition
| Congressional Act of 1803 to provide assistance to Portsmouth, NH after harbor fire |
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Term
| Who was the first DHS secretary? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A source of danger that may or may not lead to an emergency or disaster and is named after the emergency/disaster that could be so precipitated |
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Term
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Definition
| An event that demands substantial crisis response requiring the use of government powers and resources beyond the scope of one line agency or service |
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Term
| Why did the number of tornado deaths drop substantially in the early 1920s and continue dropping to this day? |
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Definition
| Better early detection and communication warning systems, implementation of shelters -> MITIGATION |
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Term
| What are the three types of wildfires? |
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Definition
| Surface fire (brush, slow-moving), crown fire (fast spreading, treetop to treetop), ground fire (started by lighting, burns on or below ground) |
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Term
| Why was the 1995 Chicago Heat Wave such a disaster? |
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Definition
| Not recognized as a threat, no central coordination, no recognition of vulnerable populations |
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Term
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Definition
| Methodology for estimating damage from earthquakes at the most local levels |
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Term
| Which event under which president prompted the NFIP? |
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Definition
| Hurricane Betsy under Lyndon Johnson |
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Term
| What was the costliest disaster in US history? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A FEMA project worksheet, for managing funds |
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