Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Emergency Medicine
Rotation
59
Medical
Graduate
09/30/2019

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What type of headache is gradual in onset and associated with hypercoagulable states?
Definition
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)
Term
What type of headache is worse at night and in the cold?
Definition
Temporal arteritis
Term
Labs to order if you suspect temporal arteritis?
Definition
ESR and CRP
Term
What is Kernig sign?
Definition
Pt cannot straighten knee when hip is flexed
Term
What is Brudzinski sign?
Definition
Flexion of neck produces hip flexion
Term
What is the treatment for Wolff-parkinson-white syndrome?
Definition
Procainamide
Term
What is the etiology of WPW?
Definition
Reentrant pathway in both directions --> delta wave b/c ventricles depolarize too quickly
Term
Tx of torsades?
Definition
Magnesium- often caused by low mg
Term
Medication for bradycardia?
Definition
Atropine
Term
What are the Hs and Ts (potential causes of PEA- pulseless electrical activity)?
Definition
Hypovolemia, hypoglycemia, hypo/hyperkalemia, hypoxia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypothermia
Toxins, tamponade, tension pneumo, thrombosis, trauma
Term
What are the major differences between aortic dissections types A and B?
Definition
A- Involve aortic arch, present w/ chest pain, treated surgically
B- Below branchoff of subclavian artery, present w/ back pain, treated medically
Term
Clinical presentation of abdominal aortic dissection
Definition
Maximal intensity onset of pain (chest- type A, back- type B)
Weakness, paresthesias
Term
Diagnostic test of choice for AAD
Definition
CT w/ contrast
Term
Medical mgmt of AAD
Definition
Heart rate control w/ beta-blockers (goal 60-80), BP control w/ nitroglycerin (systolic goal 100-120)
Term
What are some clinical manifestations of testicular torsion?
Definition
-Nausea/vomiting
-Swollen testis
-Absent cremasteric reflex
-Hard testis on palpation
-High riding testis
Term
Typical ages of onset of testicular torsion?
Definition
-Neonates and puberty
Term
What is Prehn's sign?
Definition
Elevation of testis- will relieve pain in epidydimitis, worsen pain in torsion
Term
What is Fourniers gangrene?
Definition
Necrotizing fasciitis of perineum
Term
mechanism of wedge fracture? location? stable/unstable?
Definition
Flexion, below C2, stable
Term
mechanism of teardrop fracture? location? stable/unstable?
Definition
flexion, below C2, unstable- most likely involves ligamentous tear
Term
Is the clay shoveler's fracture stable or unstable
Definition
Stable
Term
What type of fracture is a bilateral pedicle fracture of c2 caused by hyperextension of the neck?
Definition
Hangman's
Term
What type of fracture is a compression fx of c1?
Definition
Jefferson
Term
What is the antidote for isoniazid OD?
Definition
pyridoxine
Term
What is the antidote for organophosphate or insecticide overdose?
Definition
Pralidoxime or atropine
Term
What is the antidote for CO poisoning?
Definition
Oxygen
Term
What is the antidote for anticholinergic OD?
Definition
Physostigmine
Term
What substance typically causes cholinergic toxidrome and who is susceptible?
Definition
Organophosphates- agricultural workers
Term
Does anticholinergic syndrome present with dry or sweaty skin?
Definition
Dry
Term
Does sympathomimetic syndrome present with dry or sweaty skin?
Definition
Sweaty
Term
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Definition
Caused by antipsychotic meds- fever, altered MS, elevated creatine kinase, muscle rigidity
Term
What is a medical treatment for serotonin syndrome?
Definition
Cyproheptadine
Term
Antidote for neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Definition
Dopamine agonists- bromocriptine
Term
What is an antidote for benzo OD?
Definition
Flumazenil
Term
What QT interval level is concerning for arrhythmia?
Definition
>500ms
Term
Drugs that cause QT prolongation?
Definition
Antihistamines, fluoroquinolones, antipsychotics, arrhythmics
Term
Electrolyte abnormalities that can cause QT prolongation?
Definition
Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
Term
What two meds are first-line treatment for UTI?
Definition
Cephalexin, nitrofurantoin
Term
What EKG finding is associated w/ hypothermia?
Definition
Osborn waves
Term
What is the plexus most commonly affected by nosebleeds? Is it in the anterior or posterior portion of the nose?
Definition
Kiesselbach's
Anterior portion of nose
Term
What is the plexus in the posterior nasal cavity and the artery associated with it?
Definition
Woodruff's plexus
Sphenopalatine artery
Term
What is bretilium?
Definition
K+ channel blocker- antiarrhythmic
Term
What is isoproterenol and what is it used to treat?
Definition
Beta agonist, bradycardia
Term
How are cotton wool spots described and what do they represent?
Definition
Fluffy white patches
Damage to axons- microinfarcts
Term
What are hard exudates?
Definition
Lipid deposits (waxy, can be yellow, sharp borders) from leakage from damaged capillaries (Diabetes)
Term
What retinal finding are associated w/ macular degeneration?
Definition
Drusen spots
Term
Treatment for hypertensive encephalopathy?
Definition
Nitroprusside
Term
What is the major difference between nicardipine and nifedipine?
Definition
Nicardipine more selective for cerebral and coronary vessels
Term
Initial medical management of acute aortic dissection?
Definition
Esmolol to lower heart rate <60
Term
Once heart rate is controlled in acute aortic dissection, what is next step medical therapy?
Definition
Vasodilator- nitroprusside or nicardipine
Term
What does electrical alternans look like on EKG?
Definition
Beat-to-beat alternation in the QRS appearance
Term
Goal HR and BP in acute aortic dissection?
Definition
HR <60, systolic BP 100 to 120
Term
What is one of the reflex side effects of vasodilators?
Definition
Tachycardia
Term
Does the "whooping cough" appear during the catarrhal or paroxysmal phase of b. pertussis?
Definition
paroxysmal
Term
What is first line antibiotic treatment in B. pertussis?
Definition
Azithro or clarithromycin
Term
What is the underlying pathophysiology causing a tet spell?
Definition
Worsening R ventricular outflow obstruction --> decreased pulmonary blood flow --> hypoxia --> cyanosis
Term
Symptoms of arsenic poisoning?
Definition
Vomiting and diarrhea
Term
Symptoms of cyanide poisoning?
Definition
Coma, apnea, metabolic acidosis, hypotension
Term
Symptoms of strychnine poisoning?
Definition
Similar to tetanus- recurrent, episodic involuntary muscle contractions
Supporting users have an ad free experience!