Term
What type of headache is gradual in onset and associated with hypercoagulable states? |
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Definition
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) |
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Term
What type of headache is worse at night and in the cold? |
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Definition
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Term
Labs to order if you suspect temporal arteritis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Pt cannot straighten knee when hip is flexed |
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Term
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Definition
Flexion of neck produces hip flexion |
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Term
What is the treatment for Wolff-parkinson-white syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the etiology of WPW? |
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Definition
Reentrant pathway in both directions --> delta wave b/c ventricles depolarize too quickly |
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Term
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Definition
Magnesium- often caused by low mg |
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Term
Medication for bradycardia? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the Hs and Ts (potential causes of PEA- pulseless electrical activity)? |
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Definition
Hypovolemia, hypoglycemia, hypo/hyperkalemia, hypoxia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypothermia Toxins, tamponade, tension pneumo, thrombosis, trauma |
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Term
What are the major differences between aortic dissections types A and B? |
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Definition
A- Involve aortic arch, present w/ chest pain, treated surgically B- Below branchoff of subclavian artery, present w/ back pain, treated medically |
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Term
Clinical presentation of abdominal aortic dissection |
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Definition
Maximal intensity onset of pain (chest- type A, back- type B) Weakness, paresthesias |
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Term
Diagnostic test of choice for AAD |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Heart rate control w/ beta-blockers (goal 60-80), BP control w/ nitroglycerin (systolic goal 100-120) |
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Term
What are some clinical manifestations of testicular torsion? |
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Definition
-Nausea/vomiting -Swollen testis -Absent cremasteric reflex -Hard testis on palpation -High riding testis |
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Term
Typical ages of onset of testicular torsion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Elevation of testis- will relieve pain in epidydimitis, worsen pain in torsion |
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Term
What is Fourniers gangrene? |
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Definition
Necrotizing fasciitis of perineum |
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Term
mechanism of wedge fracture? location? stable/unstable? |
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Definition
Flexion, below C2, stable |
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Term
mechanism of teardrop fracture? location? stable/unstable? |
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Definition
flexion, below C2, unstable- most likely involves ligamentous tear |
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Term
Is the clay shoveler's fracture stable or unstable |
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Definition
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Term
What type of fracture is a bilateral pedicle fracture of c2 caused by hyperextension of the neck? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of fracture is a compression fx of c1? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the antidote for isoniazid OD? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the antidote for organophosphate or insecticide overdose? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the antidote for CO poisoning? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the antidote for anticholinergic OD? |
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Definition
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Term
What substance typically causes cholinergic toxidrome and who is susceptible? |
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Definition
Organophosphates- agricultural workers |
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Term
Does anticholinergic syndrome present with dry or sweaty skin? |
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Definition
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Term
Does sympathomimetic syndrome present with dry or sweaty skin? |
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Definition
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Term
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome? |
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Definition
Caused by antipsychotic meds- fever, altered MS, elevated creatine kinase, muscle rigidity |
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Term
What is a medical treatment for serotonin syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
Antidote for neuroleptic malignant syndrome? |
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Definition
Dopamine agonists- bromocriptine |
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Term
What is an antidote for benzo OD? |
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Definition
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Term
What QT interval level is concerning for arrhythmia? |
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Definition
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Term
Drugs that cause QT prolongation? |
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Definition
Antihistamines, fluoroquinolones, antipsychotics, arrhythmics |
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Term
Electrolyte abnormalities that can cause QT prolongation? |
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Definition
Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia |
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Term
What two meds are first-line treatment for UTI? |
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Definition
Cephalexin, nitrofurantoin |
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Term
What EKG finding is associated w/ hypothermia? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the plexus most commonly affected by nosebleeds? Is it in the anterior or posterior portion of the nose? |
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Definition
Kiesselbach's Anterior portion of nose |
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Term
What is the plexus in the posterior nasal cavity and the artery associated with it? |
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Definition
Woodruff's plexus Sphenopalatine artery |
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Term
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Definition
K+ channel blocker- antiarrhythmic |
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Term
What is isoproterenol and what is it used to treat? |
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Definition
Beta agonist, bradycardia |
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Term
How are cotton wool spots described and what do they represent? |
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Definition
Fluffy white patches Damage to axons- microinfarcts |
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Term
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Definition
Lipid deposits (waxy, can be yellow, sharp borders) from leakage from damaged capillaries (Diabetes) |
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Term
What retinal finding are associated w/ macular degeneration? |
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Definition
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Term
Treatment for hypertensive encephalopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the major difference between nicardipine and nifedipine? |
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Definition
Nicardipine more selective for cerebral and coronary vessels |
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Term
Initial medical management of acute aortic dissection? |
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Definition
Esmolol to lower heart rate <60 |
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Term
Once heart rate is controlled in acute aortic dissection, what is next step medical therapy? |
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Definition
Vasodilator- nitroprusside or nicardipine |
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Term
What does electrical alternans look like on EKG? |
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Definition
Beat-to-beat alternation in the QRS appearance |
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Term
Goal HR and BP in acute aortic dissection? |
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Definition
HR <60, systolic BP 100 to 120 |
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Term
What is one of the reflex side effects of vasodilators? |
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Definition
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Term
Does the "whooping cough" appear during the catarrhal or paroxysmal phase of b. pertussis? |
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Definition
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Term
What is first line antibiotic treatment in B. pertussis? |
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Definition
Azithro or clarithromycin |
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Term
What is the underlying pathophysiology causing a tet spell? |
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Definition
Worsening R ventricular outflow obstruction --> decreased pulmonary blood flow --> hypoxia --> cyanosis |
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Term
Symptoms of arsenic poisoning? |
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Definition
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Term
Symptoms of cyanide poisoning? |
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Definition
Coma, apnea, metabolic acidosis, hypotension |
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Term
Symptoms of strychnine poisoning? |
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Definition
Similar to tetanus- recurrent, episodic involuntary muscle contractions |
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