Term
|
Definition
| persistent fasting hyperglycemia accompanied by a glucose induced osmotic diuresis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Patients produce little or no insulin
Ketosis more prevalent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Resistance to insulin
More ketosis resistant
Tx: diet, weight reduction |
|
|
Term
| Secondary diabetes - what can cause it? |
|
Definition
| pancreatic disease, medications, endocrine dysfunction (other than insulin "pituitary diabetes"), genetic hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
| Impaired glucose tolerance |
|
Definition
| Pts have normal fasting blood glucose but abnormally high glucose levels following a glucose ingestion |
|
|
Term
| Metabolic consequences in diabetes: |
|
Definition
reduced insulin (or insulin effects)
inappropriately high glucagon
decreased anabolism
- reduced: lipogenesis, protein synth, glycogen synth
increased catabolism (reduced insulin, i/c glucagon)
- increased glycogenolysis (raises [glucose])
- increased lipolysis - spares [glucose], promotes ketosis
increased gluconeogenesis - raises [glucose]
osmotic diuresis
excess lipid use --> rising [ketones], falling pH, IC K+ leaks out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acidic, ionic, osmotic factors when unchecked may lead to diabetic coma
Rapid insulin replacement will push K+ into cells --> hypokalemia --> cardiac arrhythmias
Poorly controlled DM may have hyperosmolar [glucose] which have equilibrated into the CNS: rapid insulin replacement may reduce [glucose] faster than it re-equilibrates out of CNS --> cerebral edema |
|
|
