Term
| Localized hormones- act locally w/out entering the bloodstream |
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Definition
1.Paracrine- carry out actions on other cells in the immediate area (ex. prostaglandins)
2. Autocrine- carry out actions on the cells releasing them (ex. nitric oxide) |
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Term
| Circulating hormones (endocrines) |
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Definition
| enter the bloodstream and act on distant cells |
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Term
| Amino- acid based hormones- the majority of hormones are this type |
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Definition
1. Amines- simple hormones derived from the amino acid tryosine (ex. ephinephrine)
2. Peptide and proteins- long chains of amino acids (ex. oxytocin) |
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Term
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Definition
| lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol (ex: testosterone) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone-like substances derived from arachidonic acid which act only on cells in their immediate vicinty (ex: prostaglandins and leukotrienes) |
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Term
From the Pituitary gland rleased from the Anterior lobe
Human growth hormone (HGH) |
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Definition
| Stimulates cell growth and protein synthesis |
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Term
From the Pituitary gland rleased from the Anterior lobe
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) |
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Definition
| Stimulates production of T3 and T4 |
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Term
From the Pituitary gland rleased from the Anterior lobe
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
Females-stimulates follicle development and release of estrogen
Males- stimulates sperm production |
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Term
From the Pituitary gland rleased from the Anterior lobe
Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
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Definition
Females-stimulates follicle development and ovulation
Males- stimulates testicular development and release of testoterone |
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Term
From the Pituitary gland rleased from the Anterior lobe
Prolactin (PRL) |
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Definition
| Initiates and maintains milk production |
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Term
From the Pituitary gland rleased from the Posterior lobe
Oxytocin (OT) |
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Definition
| Enhances labor and stimulates milk production |
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Term
From the Pituitary gland rleased from the Posterior lobe
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys (DCT and CD) |
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Term
From the Thyroid
released from Follicular cells
T3 Triiodothronine and T4 Thyroxine |
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Definition
regulate cellular metabolism, growth, and development
T3 same as T4 but stronger |
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Term
From the Thyroid released
Parafollicular cells
Calcitonin (CT) |
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Definition
| Decreases blood Ca++ by increasing osteoblast activity |
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Term
Released from the Parathryroid
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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Definition
| Increases blood Ca++ by increasing osteoclast activity |
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Term
From the Adrenal Glands
Hormones released from Adrenal Cortex |
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Definition
Aldosterone- promotes Na reabsorption in the kidneys (DCTAND CD)
Androgens- considered a male sex homone although its produced by both sexes, effects are generally not seen in males due to the presence of testosterone. In females it is responsible for skeletal changes seen w puberty, body hair growth, and libido
Cortisol (hydrocortisone)- regulates ones resistane to stress, depression of immune responses, anti-inflammatory agent |
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Term
From the Adrenal Glands
Hormones released from Adrenal medulla |
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Definition
| Epinephrine and norephinephrine- same functions as norepinephrine in sympatheic NS |
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Term
Released from the Pancreas
Hormone producing cell types in pancreas |
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Definition
Alpha cells- glucagon- increases blood glucose (sugar)
Beta cells- insulin- decrease blod glucose (sugar)
Delta cells- somatostatin- inhibits release of insulin and glucagon
F cells- pancreatic polypeptide- inhibits secretion of somatstatin |
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Term
Gonads
hormones released from ovaries |
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Definition
Progerterone and estrogen- regulate reproductive cycle, prepares body for pregnancy, stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics
Inhibin- inhibits FSH
Relaxin- relaxes cervix during labor and delivery |
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Term
From the Gonads
Released from Testes- interstitial cells |
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Definition
Testoterone- promotes spermatogenesis, stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics
Inhibin- inhibits FSH |
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Term
| Released from the Pineal Gland |
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Definition
| Melatonin- promotes sleepiness-its rlease is inhibited by light |
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Term
| Released from the placenta |
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Definition
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)- stimulates ovary to produce estrogen and progesterone to maintain pregnancy, detected by home pregnancy tests
Estrogen and progesterone- maintain pregnancy until mothers homones take over
Human chorionic somatostatin- stimulates development of mammary glands for lactation
Relaxin- relaxes cervix during labor and delivery |
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Term
Relased from the Heart
Atrial natriuetic peptide (ANP) |
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Definition
| Decreases total blood volume by decreasing Na reabsorption in the kidneys (DCT and CD) |
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Term
| Released from the Kidneys |
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Definition
Renin- from JGA- leads to an increase in total blood volume by initating the angiotensin-aldosterone mchanism
Erythropoietin (EPO)- increases RBC production |
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