Term
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM STRUCTURES:
[image]
1) What are endocrine glands? (produce what, opposite is?)
2) What else is in the endocrine system besides glands? Give example.
3) List the 9 major glands
4) What is the hypothalamus a major centre for? |
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Definition
1) Usually produce hormones and release them to your blood circulation, meaning that they don’t need a duct. EXOCRINE glands require a duct to release their secretion to the surface of they body.
2) There are also tissues that produce hormones like heart and duodenum
3)
- Pineal gland / body OR epiphysis
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland / hypophosis
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
- Thymus
- Adrenal glands (MAJOR)
- Pancreas
- Ovaries & Testes
4) Major center in controlling and coordinating entire endocrine system mostly through pituitary gland |
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Term
SAGITTAL SECTION OF PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS):
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1) What is it attached to? By what? (aka)
2) Define the hypothalamus. Where does it sit?
3) The Pituitary gland sits in a _ _ belonging to _ bone. That bony cavity is called _ _ / _ _ / _ _
4) T or F: the hypothalamus is physically connected to pituitary gland |
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Definition
1) Base of brain, infundibulum aka connecting sulc
2) A bunch of nuclei controlling ANS including endocrine system. It sits immediately above pituitary gland.
3) bony cavity, sphenoid, pituitary fossa/hypophyseal fossa/sella turcica
4) TRUE |
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Term
SAGITTAL SECTION OF PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS) con't:
[image]
5) What sits right in front of pituitary?
6) What happens if there is a tumour growing in pituitary?
7) Name the two divisions of Pituitary gland
8) Match anterior lobe divisions with description
a) Pars tuberalis
b) Pars distalis
c) Pars intermedia
i) narrow strip of inactive tissue
ii) grabs infundibulum from behind
iii) main part of anterior lobe, functionally the most active part of gland
9) T or F: The Posterior pituitary is the only real part that actually produces hormones I.E. Real glandular tissue |
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Definition
5) Optic Chiasm
6) Since it is closely related to optic chiasm, the tumour will compress this structure and cause the first symptom: SUDDEN DOUBLE VISION
7) Posterior pituitary part (aka neurohypophosis) & Anterior lobe:
8)
a) -- ii
b) -- iii
c) -- i
9) FALSE. The ANTERIOR pituitary lobe is the only real part that actually produces hormones I.E. Real glandular tissue |
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Term
HYPOTHALAMUS:
* It has many nuclei but we're focusing on these two important ones *
[image]
1) What do PVN & SON control?
ANTERIOR PITUITARY LOBE:
2a) Arises from what?
2b) the REAL ...?
2c) Connected functionally to _ by _ _
3) The capillary network brings _ and _ to _ but more importantly, picks up a group of _ from hypothalamus known as _ _ and _ _ |
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Definition
1) Activity of pituitary gland
2a) Epithelium of oral cavity
2b) the REAL glandular part of pituitary
2c) Hypothalamus, capillary network
3) oxygen, nutrients, hypothalamus, hormones, releasing hormones, inhibiting hormones (RH & IH) |
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Term
HYPOTHALAMUS con't: Anterior Pituitary
[image]
4) RH & IH are released from _ to --> _ _
5) After forming a capillary network, the network continues into Anterior pituitary and forms a 2nd capillary network. What is special about the 2nd?
6) List 2 functions of 2nd cap. net. in Anterior pituitary
7) Name the stimulating hormone or it's target organ/structure
a - TSH
b - "cortical part of adrenal gland"
c - HGH
d- PRL
e- (2) "target - in both genders - is gonads (testes & ovaries)"
f - MSH
8) T or F: The path b/w PVN and Anterior pituitary lobe is called "direct pathway". |
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Definition
4) PVN, capillary network
5) It is a PORTAL SYSTEM b/c it has veins on either side of it.
6)
a - brings RH & IH to Anterior pit
b - Target different cells in ant. pituitary cells. In response, target cells produce new group of hormones (stimulating / SH) which are released BACK to same portal system and then distributed to body through blood circulation, targeting organs and glands
7)
a - target: Thyroid gland
b - ACTH
c - target: anything to do w/ growth (muscles, bones, fat...)
d- target: breasts for PRODUCTION (not ejection) of milk
e - LH & FSH
f - target: melanin in skin
8) FALSE. It is the "INDIRECT PATHWAY" b/c they are not physically connected |
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Term
HYPOTHALAMUS --> Posterior Pituitary
[image]
1) What neurons are important here?
2) T of F: The pathway b/w hypo --> posterior pituitary is called "direct pathway"
3) SON (and some PVN) axons coming together from hypo -> posterior pit is AKA?
4) What is different & similar about the capillary network in Posterior pituitary (compared to anterior) |
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Definition
1) SON
2) TRUE. SON axons stretch directly to pituitary gland, i.e. a physical connection
3) INFUNDIBULUM
4) Similar: It DOES carry oxygen and nutrients to pituitary
Different: It DOES NOT carry hormones to pituitary, these are directly passed by axons to post pit |
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Term
HYPOTHALAMUS --> Posterior Pituitary con't
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1) What two hormones are produced in the DIRECT PATHWAY? what are their targets / functions?
2) T of F: both are produced by the posterior pituitary |
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Definition
1)
a - OT: Oxytocin. Target: smooth muscles, uterus is notable target
b - ADH: Regulates volume of blood and urine. Controls blood pressure
2) FALSE. They are both produced by hypothalamus and just PASSED to the posterior pituitary**** where they are stored temporarily and then released to body when needed |
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Term
HYPOTHALAMUS: TARGETS (through pituitary)
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1) List the 5 main targets ONLY reached through Anterior pit
2) List the 2 main targets ONLY reached through Posterior pit
3) List the 2 main targets reached through BOTH glands |
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Definition
1) ANTERIOR only:
Pineal
Liver
Adrenal
Gonad
Thyroid
2) POSTERIOR only:
Kidney
Uterus
3) BOTH:
Breasts
Skin |
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Term
THYROID GLAND:
[image]
1) How many lobes. Are they medial or lateral?
2) Which vessels are closely related to both thyroid lobes?
3) What bridge connects the 2 lobes together? It is a _ strip of _ tissue
4) Where does blood supply for thyroid come from? (2) |
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Definition
1) TWO LATERAL lobes
2) Common carotid arteries
3) Isthmus: a NARROW strip of THYROID tissue
4)
a - Superior thyroid artery: **ONLY coming from external carotid
b - Inferior thyroid artery |
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Term
THYROID GLAND con't:
[image]
5) The posterior thyroid gland is made up of _ pea sized _ embedded within _ of _
6) Name the 4 glands of Posterior thyroid gland
7) What is the secretion of the parathyroid glands involved in
8) What shape are the adrenal glands? AKA?
9) The _ and _ adrenal glands have one deep _ /_ part and a superficial _ region
10) The _ part of adrenal gland is a part of the _ nervous system controlled by _ sympathetic fibres (i.e. _ division). The medullary part is a misplaced _.
11) Which part of adrenal gland is controlled by pituitary |
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Definition
5) 4, glands, tissue, thyroid
6)
- Pharynx
- Thyroid gland
- Esophagus
- Parathyroid glands
7) Balancing calcium in blood
8) Pyramidal. Adrenal AKA Suprarenal
9) Left, right, central / medullary, corticol
10) Medullary, autonomic, preganglionic, sympathetic. Ganglion
11) Corticol (cortex) |
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Term
BLOOD SUPPLY: Pituitary & Pineal glands
1) What supplies it? (hint: a Name)
2) The _ _ artery supplies the pineal gland (hint: also in brain) |
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Definition
1) Arterial circle of Willis
2) Posterior cerebral |
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Term
BLOOD SUPPLY: Thyroid & Parathyroid glands
1) 4 involved: The _ and inferior _ artery, branches of the _ _ and _ artieres |
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Definition
1)
- SUPERIOR & inferior THYROID artery,
- branches of the EXTERNAL CAROTID and SUBCLAVIAN arteries |
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