Term
| Compare the ES and NS as to pathways, type of response, time required and duration. Do they function together? |
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Definition
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-has specific pathways (neurons)
-uses electrical impulses APs
-gives specific responses
-reaction time is fast (Msec)
-effect is brief
-controls muscle cells, gland cells, other nerve cells
-has general pathway-the blood
-uses chemical messengers
-these chemical messengers or hormones give general responses.
- hormones reach most cells on our body
- cells respond only if they have receptors for the hormone.
-reaction time is slow, usually minutes to hours
- Epinephrine-few secs
- Insulin-15-30 mins
- Thyroxine-4-7 days
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Term
| Define: endo-, krinein-, endocrine- |
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Definition
within
to secrete
to secrete within |
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Term
| List six things that hormones control |
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Definition
body metabolism
growth
development
reproduction
response to stress
homeostasis of body fluids, electrolytes, acid-base balance, glucose-energy balance |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates external and internal enviroment |
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Term
| What is negative feedback? Give examples. |
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Definition
homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback. One factor increase, one factor decreases.
ex: body temperature |
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Term
| What are five characteristics that are necessary for a substance to be classified as a hormone (H)? |
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Definition
- chemical substance
- secreted by living cells which are isolated in one part of body (glands)
- Diffuses or Transported to other parts of the body.
- Produces its effect
- The cells affected have receptors for the hormone.
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Term
| What is the relationship between hormones, neurotransmitters? |
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Definition
| Both diffuse, but NT goes short distance and hormone goes all over body. |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of chemical compounds that have been shown to have hormonal activity? |
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Definition
Steroids
-sex hormones
-adrenal cortex
Polypeptides
-hypothalamic.H
-pituitary. H
-pancreatic. H
Amines
-thyroxine
-epinephrine
-norepinephrine
Fatty acids
-prostaglandins |
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Term
| The four biological traits (natures) of hormones are? |
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Definition
- hormones act in trace amounts. mg & ug/ml
- hormones are not a source of energy. That is, hormones are not metabolized to produce ATP.
- Hormones do not initiate new reactions.
- Hormones regulate existing chemical reactions.
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Term
| List three ways that a hormone may affect chemical reactions? |
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Definition
- regulates enzyme synthesis
- serving as co-enzymes
- affects membrane permeability
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