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| In 1899, a fanatical antiforeign secret society known as the Harmonious Righteous Fists (called "Boxers" by Western journalists) killed thousands of foreigners and Chinese Christians. In June 1900, the Boxers occupied Beijing (Peking), the Chinese capital, and besieged the foreign legions. |
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| Foreign policy proposed by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay, where he asked the major European powers to assure trading rights in China by opening the ports in their spheres of influence to all countries. A year later, Hays reaffirmed the principle of open trade in China for all nations and announced America's determination to preserve China's territorial and administrative integrity. In general, China remained open to U.S. business interests and Christian missionaries. |
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| Major chip canal that traverses the Isthmus of Panama in Central America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. After many years of financing and negotiating problems, construction began in 1906, and in 1914 the first ship sailed through the Panama Canal. |
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| U.S. General who led a 1916 expedition against Pancho Villa in Mexico. |
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| Law that required all men between twenty-one and thirty (later expanded to 18-45) to register with local draft boards. |
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| Commission on Training Camp Activities |
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| Agency that presented soldiers with films, lectures, and posters on the dangers of alcohol and prostitution. |
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| American Expeditionary Force |
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| Name for the United States military in the United States force in WWI. |
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| Board set up by the Council of Defense to coordinate military purchasing; ensure production efficiency; and provide weapons, equipment, and supplies to the military. |
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