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English
NAL
85
Other
8th Grade
10/05/2014

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Term
Adverb
Definition
A word that describes a verb, often ending in -ly
Term
Adjectives: Third Degree of Comparison
Definition
Relative values of adjectives. For example, good, better, best. Small, smaller, smallest.
Term
Adjectives: Superlative
Definition
Adjective that give the highest quality or degree, often ending in -est, e.g. greatest, longest, most popular
Term
Adjectives: Identify
Definition
A word that describes a noun. Blue, striped, tired.
Term
First Person Plural Possessive Pronouns
Definition
Our, us
Term
Interrogative Pronouns
Definition
who whom what which
Term
Dangling Modifier- Sentence Errors
Definition
A modifier without a subject. Rummaging in her giant handbag, the sunglasses escaped detection.
Term
Parallelism- Sentence Errors
Definition
Lists in the same structure. I like hiking, biking, and running. An error: I like hiking, biking, and to run.
Term
Verbs
Definition
An action word. Be, run, sing, have
Term
Verb: Participle
Definition
A verb functioning as an adjective. Working woman, burned toast.
Term
Verb: Present Participle
Definition
Verb functioning as an adjective ending with -ing (flowering shrub)
Term
Verbs: Tenses: Past Perfect
Definition
Verb that shows something had already happened at some point in the past. Uses the word "had." (I had studied when I took the quiz.)
Term
Verbs: Tenses: Future Perfect
Definition
Verb that shows something will have already happened at some point in the future. Uses the words "will have." (I will have graduated by then.)
Term
Verbs: Tenses: Future Perfect Progressive
Definition
A continuous action that will be completed at some point in the future. Uses "will have been" with a present participle (-ing). (I will have been teaching seven years by next May.)
Term
Business Letters: Complimentary Close
Definition
Sincerely,
Term
Oxymoron
Definition
Seemingly contradictory statement that is true (student teacher, jumbo shrimp, act naturally)
Term
Idiom
Definition
A phrase not taken literally (kick the bucket = die, break a leg = good luck)
Term
Double Entendre
Definition
An expression that can be understood two different ways, one of which can refers to sex (Panda mating fails: veterinarian takes over, or Miners refuse to work after death)
Term
Protagonist
Definition
The main character of a story
Term
Summary
Definition
A brief statement of the main points of something
Term
Types of Conflict
Definition
man v. man, man v. nature, man v. society, man v. self
Term
Biography
Definition
a book about a person
Term
Autobiography
Definition
A book about a person written by that person
Term
Narrative Literature
Definition
A story
Term
US Postal Abbreviations: Texas
Definition
TX
Term
US Postal Abbreviations: Hawaii
Definition
HI
Term
US Postal Abbreviations: Maine
Definition
ME
Term
US Postal Abbreviations: Maryland
Definition
MD
Term
Authors: Aesop
Definition
Greek author who wrote fables. Lived 620-564 BC.
Term
Authors: Barbara Park
Definition
American author of children's books. Lived 1947-2013. Wrote Junie B. Jones books.
Term
Authors: Beverly Cleary
Definition
American author born 1916. Wrote the Ramona books.
Term
Authors: Madaline L'Engle
Definition
American writer of young adult fiction. 1916-2007. Wrote A Wrinkle in Time books.
Term
Authors: Steven Crane
Definition
American writer 1871-1900. Wrote in the realist, naturalist, and impressionist styles. Most famous work: Red Badge of Courage.
Term
Authors: Horatio Alger
Definition
19th century Gilded Age American author 1832-1899. Many rags-to-riches stories. Almost 100 books. Homosexual.
Term
Authors: Marjorie Rawling
Definition
Rural American author from Florida 1896-1953. Most famous work: The Yearling, a young adult book about an orphaned fawn.
Term
Authors: Ann Hathaway
Definition
Shakespeare's wife, born 1556. They had two sons and a daughter. She was 8 years older than he and outlived him by 7 years.
Term
Authors: Louisa May Alcott
Definition
American author 1832-1888. Wrote Little Women. She was an abolitionist and a feminist, raised by transcendentalist parents.
Term
Authors: Jane Austin
Definition
English author 1775-1817. Wrote romantic fiction set among the landed gentry. Pride and Prejudice, Emma, Sense and Sensibility.
Term
Authors: S.E. Hinton
Definition
American author born 1948. Wrote The Outsiders at 17.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Becky Thatcher
Definition
Character from Tom Sawyer. Becky is Tom's love interest with long blond braids. They kiss on the lips to seal their engagement.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Cyclops
Definition
A character from Greek and Roman myths. They are a race of giants with one eye in the middle of their forehead. In the Odyssey, Odysseus blinds a cyclops.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Huckleberry Finn
Definition
Character in Mark Twain's book Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. He is a friend of Tom's. His father is the town drunk. Huck is an "innocent" who can see the "right" thing.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Pandora
Definition
In Greek mythology, the first human woman who is given a box with all the world's evil in it. She is told not to open the box but does anyway, releasing evil into the world.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Phileas Fogg
Definition
Main character in Jules Vernes' 1873 novel Around the World in 80 days. He tries to circle the world in 80 days to win a bet. He is followed by a detective, Fix, and marries an Indian princess.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Phoenix
Definition
In Greek mythology, a long-lived bird that, when it dies, bursts into flame and is reborn from the ashes. A symbol of early Christianity.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: The Widow Douglas
Definition
Character in Huck Finn. Injun Joe is planning to kill her as revenge for her husband flogging him. Huck overhears and tells the widow. She takes him in in gratitude. Huck does not like living with her.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Tom Sawyer
Definition
Character from Mark Twain's books. Friend of Huck Finn. Infatuated with Becky Thatcher. Famous for making others paint his fence.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Tybalt
Definition
Character from Romeo and Juliet. Juliet's cousin. Kills Mercutio, then is killed by Romeo. Leads to Romeo's banishment from Verona.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Tilbert
Definition
a science fiction mystery set in the rural post-apocalyptic future. He is a lonely wanderer on a seemingly endless mission...
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Moby Dick
Definition
Title character in Moby Dick, he is the white whale that Ahab is hunting. Possibly a metaphor for God, Moby Dick is unknowable and mostly invisible.
Term
Literary Characters and Places: Anne Hathaway
Definition
Shakespeare's wife, born 1556. They had two sons and a daughter. She was 8 years older than he and outlived him by 7 years.
Term
Literary Works: Harry Potter
Definition
Written by J.K. Rowling, 7-book young adult series about a wizard named Harry Potter, his friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, and his arch-enemy Voldemort.
Term
Literary Works: The Color Purple
Definition
1983 Pulitzer Prize winner by Alice Walker. Takes place in rural Georgia and focuses on black women in the 1930s.
Term
Literary Works: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Definition
Book by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson in 1886 . There are two personalities in Dr. Jekyll: the good doctor and the evil Mr. Hyde. Jekyll eventually permanently becomes Mr. Hyde.
Term
Literary Works: Robinson Crusoe
Definition
A novel by Daniel Defoe 1719. It is a fictional autobiography of a castaway on a tropical island. He is rescued after 28 years.
Term
Literary Works: The Last of the Mohicans
Definition
1757 novel by James Fenmore Cooper. Tells the story of the French and Indian war between the British and English, who both relied on Native American allies.
Term
Literary Works: The Diary of Anne Frank
Definition
A journal written by a 13-year-old Jewish girl who hid from the Nazis in Amsterdam, Holland. She and her family were found and sent to concentration camps, where Anne died of typhoid.
Term
Literary Works: Cheaper By The Dozen
Definition
Novel by Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, who tell the story of their parents, Frank and Lillian, and their 12 children. Frank and Lillian were efficiency experts.
Term
Literary Works: Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Definition
Book (1876) by Mark Twain about Tom Sawyer, an orphan living with his Aunt Polly and half brother. He is adventurous but also difficult for Aunt Polly to manage.
Term
Literary Works: The Tortoise and the Hare
Definition
One of Aesop's fables about a tortoise and hare that have a race. The hare is so confident he will win that he takes a nap, only to lose to the "slow and steady" tortoise.
Term
Mythological Characters: Bacchus
Definition
Also: Dionysus. Greek and Roman god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility. Son of Zeus and the mortal Semele.
Term
Mythological Characters: Diana
Definition
The Roman goddess of nature, fertility and childbirth. She is closely identified with the Greek goddess Artemis. Diana is also a moon-goddess .
Term
Mythological Characters: Juno
Definition
an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister (but also the wife) of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan. Associated with Hera.
Term
Mythological Characters: Jupiter
Definition
Roman head god. He is a god of light and sky, and protector of the state and its laws. Associated with Zeus.
Term
Mythological Characters: Mercury
Definition
Mercury is the son of Jupiter and Maia, one of the Pleiades. Mercury is comparable to the Greek god Hermes; both are considered messengers of the gods. Naturally, Mercury/Hermes is thought to be very swift--this is proven by his winged sandals in drawings.
Term
Mythological Characters: Minerva
Definition
Minerva was the Roman goddess equated with the Greek goddess Athena. She was the virgin goddess of poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, weaving, crafts, magic.
Term
Mythological Characters: Titans
Definition
Early gods, children of the earth (Gaia) and sky (Uranus). hey were giants of incredible strength and were also the first pantheon of Greek gods and goddesses. They were overthrown by a younger group, including Zeus and his siblings.
Term
Spelling: Silent Letters
Definition
A letter that, in a particular word, does not correspond to any sound in the word's pronunciation- aisle, team, spread, boat
Term
Spelling: Possessive Plural
Definition
Most plural nouns already end in s. To create their possessive, simply add an apostrophe after the s:
•The Pepins' house is the big blue one on the corner.
•The lions' usual source of water has dried up.
Term
Spelling: Irregular Plurals
Definition
With nouns whose plurals are irregular (see Plurals), however, you will need to add an apostrophe followed by an s to create the possessive form.
•She plans on opening a women's clothing boutique.
•Children's programming is not a high priority.
•The geese's food supply was endangered.
Term
Rules: Three Letter Words
Definition
is the observation that one- and two-letter words tend to be function words such as I, at, he, if, of, or, etc. As a consequence of the rule, "content words" tend to have at least three letters. In particular, content words containing fewer than three phonemes may be augmented with letters which are phonetically redundant, such as ebb, add, egg, inn, bee, awe, buy, owe, etc
Term
Homophones
Definition
a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning, and may differ in spelling. The words may be spelled the same, such as rose (flower) and rose (past tense of "rise"), or differently, such as carat, caret, and carrot, or to, two, and too. Homophones that are spelled the same are also both homographs and homonyms. Homophones that are spelled differently are also called heterographs
Term
Vocabulary: Antonyms
Definition
Opposites
Term
Vocabulary: Abbreviations- i.e.
Definition
Latin abbreviation for "that is." id est. Used to clarify.
Term
Vocabulary: Abbreviations- e.g.
Definition
Latin abbreviation for "for example." exempli gratia. Used to give examples.
Term
Vocabulary: Fugue
Definition
Music composition in which a short melody is repeated and interwoven by different instruments or voices.
Term
Vocabulary: Sousaphone
Definition
Brass instrument used in marching bands. Related to the tuba.
Term
Vocabulary: Accordion
Definition
Portable wind instrument having a large bellows for forcing air through small metal reeds, a keyboard for the right hand, and buttons for sounding single bass notes or chords for the left hand.
Term
Nationalities: Austria
Definition
Austrian
Term
Nationalities: Australia
Definition
Australian
Term
Nationalities: Brazil
Definition
Brazilian
Term
Nationalities: Canada
Definition
Canadian
Term
Prefixes- Around
Definition
-ambi
Term
Soldiers: Confederate
Definition
Boys in gray, Johnny Reb
Term
Soldiers: Union
Definition
Boys in blue, Yankees, Billy Yank
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