Term
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Definition
Phylum name
Classes (Oligochaeta, Polychaeta)
body segmented
no jointed appendages
cuticle collagenous
closed circulatory system |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum name
common name (velvet worms)
no jointed appendages |
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Term
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Definition
subphylum name
in phylum arthropoda
biramous appendages
2 sets of antennae present |
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Term
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Definition
class name
subphylum Chelicerata
in phylum arthropoda
tagmat (cephalon+trunk)
Chelicera and pedipalps present
usually 4 pairs of walking legs
ovigerous legs (hold onto female)
abdomen reduced |
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Term
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Definition
Class name
subphylum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda
largest of Chelicerata classes
all take a liquid diet
tagmata: Cephalothorax(Chelicerae, pedipalps and 4 pairs of walking legs)+abdomen(appendages usually absent, reduced, or modified) |
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Term
| Scorpions/Pseudoscorpions |
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Definition
Order names
in class Arachnida
in subphylum Chelicerata
in phylum Athropoda
Scorpions:2 body segments(prosoma+opisthosoma), abdomen 7 segmented preabdomend, 5 segmented postabdomen(tail), stinger is not an abdominal segment,pectines (sensory structures on 2nd abdominal segment)
both:large chelate chelicerae/large chelate pedipalps
pseudoscorpions:no tail present, abdomen reduced and fused to cephalothorax |
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Term
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Definition
Order names
Class arachnida
subphylum Chelicerata
phylum arthropoda
Tagmata:Prosoma+Opisthosoma
abdomen segmented, uropygi tail is homologous to that of the scorpion, 1st pair walking legs sensory, chelicerae fang like |
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Term
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Definition
Order name
Class Arachnida
Subphlum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda
tagmata"prosoma/opisthosoma
absomen segmented, large chelicerae(chelate), pedipalps not chelate or pincher like, 1st pair walking legs sensory |
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Term
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Definition
Order name
Class Arachnida
Subphylum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda
Prosoma/opistosoma fused, abdomen usuallyh fused, Chelicerae small, 2nd pair walking legs sensory |
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Term
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Definition
Order name
Class Arachnida
Subphylum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda
no disting prosoma/opisthosoma, abdomen usually no segmentation, chelicerae/pedipalps small |
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Term
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Definition
subphylum name
Phylum arthropoda
2nd antennae is "defective" or "imperfect" (absent in adults, can be present in embryonic stages) |
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Term
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Definition
Class name
subphylum Atelocerata
Phylum arthropoda
(millipedes)
2 tagmata:head+trunk, doubled trunk segments(2pairs leg/segment), one pair of antenna, eye not cmpd, mandibles, gnathochilarium(fused maxillae) |
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Term
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Definition
Class name
Subphylum Atelocerata
Phylum arthropoda
2 tagmata:head+trunk, antenna, eye not cmpd, mandible, maxilla, one pair of legs per segment, 1st pair legs modified into fangs (not true mouthparts) |
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Term
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Definition
Order name
Subphylum Atelocerata
Phylum arthropoda
3 tagmata:head+thorx+abdomen, 6 legs, chitanous cuticle, jointed appendages, 2 pairs of wings (may be lost) |
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Term
|
Definition
subphylum name
phylum arthropoda
head (5 pairs of appendages including 1st and 2nd antennae, mandibles, and 1st and 2nd maxillae), biramous appendages, telson |
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Term
|
Definition
subphylum Crustacea
Phylum arthropoda
appendages flattened and leaf-like, carapace may be present |
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Term
| Copepoda, Ostracoda, and Cirripedia |
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Definition
Class names
Subphylum Crustacea
Phylum arthropoda
ostracods enclosed in bivalved carapace |
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Term
Malacostraca
Stomatopoda and Decapoda |
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Definition
class name
order names
subphylum Crustacea
phylum arthropoda
tagmata:8 segmented cephalothorax+6 seg abdomen, appendages on every segment,1st 3 pairs appendages in decapoda for food handeling, in crabs 4th legs used to grab, all legs used in locomotion (swimming), 2nd thoracic leg modified in stomatopoda |
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Term
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Definition
| "pseudovipositor" spical abdominal segments telescoped within basal part of abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| located on Male to grab the Female insect during mating |
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Term
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Definition
| setose structures near the apex remnants of the true cerci (located on the 11th abdominal segments) serial homlogous to the legs and mouthparts |
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Term
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Definition
| "regular ovipositor" on the outside...not telescoping |
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Term
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Definition
1st valvifer-articulated with 8th tergum (1st valvula)
2nd valvifer-articulated with 9th tergum (2nd and 3rd valvula)
1st valvula-(1st gonopophysis) segment 8, makes up ovipositor shaft on orthoptera, hemiptera, modified into stinger of hymenoptera
2nd valvula-(2nd gonapophysis)segment 9, makes up ovipositor shaft in hemiptera, reduced in orthoptera, modified into stinger of hymenoptera
3rd valvula-(gonostyle) arise from spices of second valvulae on segment 9, contains setae, acts as a sheath in hemiptera and hymenoptera, forms ovipositor shaft in orthoptera |
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Term
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Definition
| ventral side of abdomen, 7th abdominal sternum forms this plate, |
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Term
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Definition
| segments 1-7 that are very similar in structure, in each segment there is a tergum, sternum, and pleural membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| triangular flap 11th segment dorsal sclerites, two lateroventral sclerites eleventh segments |
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Term
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Definition
| 8tha nd 9th segments and modified |
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Term
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Definition
| 10th and 11th segments and may be modified |
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Term
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Definition
| opens at the posterior end of the abdomen, dorsal to the ovipositor and between three valve like terminal sclerited |
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Term
| Propodeum, Petiole, Mesosoma, Metasoma, Gaster |
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Definition
Propodeum-1st abdominal segmetn that is fused with thorax
Petiole-2nd abdominal segment greatly narrowed forming the "waist"
Mesosoma-thorax+propodeum
Metasoma-abdomen+petiole
Gaster-remainder of abdomen after 2nd segment (5 segments, terminal 6the segment)8-10 segments modified into a stinger |
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Term
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Definition
| Prolegs on a catterpillar with crochets at the tips (hooks) |
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Term
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Definition
| located on niads, some think to be homologous to thoracic legs |
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Term
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Definition
| 9th abdominal tergum of beetle larvae, not homologous to cerci, not an appendage |
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Term
| Furcula, retinaculum, Collophore |
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Definition
fercula-forked, spring the Collembolla in the air
retinaculum-Holds the fercula in place when not in use
Collophore-on the 1st abdominal segment used for cleaning and placing upright |
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Term
| Coxal plates, median caudal filament |
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Definition
found in archaeognataha and thysanura
coxal plates ventrally located on the abdomen
median caudal filamene-not a cercus |
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Term
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Definition
Costa-typically unbranched, near anterior margin of the wing (convex)
Subcosta-unbranched in many insects, may have two branches in some (mecoptera)(concave)
Radius-may have five branches R1-R5(convex)
Media-usually up to four branches(concave)
Cubitus-usually branched twice(convex)
Anal veins-varying in number of anal veins |
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Term
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Definition
| designated by the name of the vein bordering them anteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
Frenulum-spine or spines at the anterior base of the hindwing and hooks into retinaculum
retinaculum-group of scales on the forewing where frenulum hooks into
Amplexiform-an enlarged humeral area at base of hindwing which overlaps the anal angle of the forewing
Hamuli-hooks seen in wasps on the anterior margin of the hind wing that holds onto the posterior margin of the fore wing |
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Term
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Definition
| basal lobe of wing located after the anal lobes |
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Term
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Definition
| (claval furrow) wing flexes during the upstroke in flight to strengthen wings during flight |
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Term
| Diptera wing modifications |
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Definition
Alula-posterior lobe in proximal region of the wing
Calypters-basal to the alula there are two lobes (upper and lower calypters)upper is adjacent to alula and homologous to jugum
Halteres-hind wings, small club-shaped sensory organs, gyroscopic |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior margin of the membrane continuous with the posterior edge of the scutellum |
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Term
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Definition
basalare plates and subalare plates-sclerites above the pleural wing process
Axillary Sclerites-base of the wing for flexion, extension, and folding of the wings (1, 2, and 3)
Medial plates- fold against each other in neuroptera when they fold their wings over their abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| triangular,articulates with the subcosta laterally, posterior region articulates with the scutum |
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Term
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Definition
| mesal edge articulates. anteriolaterally joined to the nbase of the radius and media |
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Term
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Definition
| joined to the base of the three anal veins |
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Term
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Definition
| sometimes seen in insects between the third sclerite and lateral edge of the thorax |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior median plate attached to the base of the media and radius and posterior median plate between 2nd and 3rd axillary sclerite |
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Term
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Definition
| (proximal to distal)-coxa,trochanter, femur, tibia, trarsus, pretarsus |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral lobes beneath the claws of many insects (suction cup like), setae on ventral surface |
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Term
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Definition
| median pad in the orthoptera (homologous to the empodium) |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous and in reality is a modified arolium. stiff spine in a median position extending between the claws (arises from ventral region of the arolium) |
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Term
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Definition
| at the tibia-tarsal articualtion on the leg of a bee. Proximal margin of the basitarsus. |
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Term
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Definition
| widening of the tibia and broad basitarsus of the be |
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Term
leg modifications in
Mantidae
Gyrinidae/Coroxidae
Dytiscidae
Gryllotalipade
Gerridae
Belostomatidae/Naucoridae |
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Definition
Mantidae/mantispidae-raptorial fore legs with an enlarged coxa
Gyrinidae/Coroxidae-swimming legs
Dytiscidae-forelegs have suction cup to hold onto females during mating
Gryllotalipade-digging-tympanum on the tibia
Gerridae-ante-apical tarsal claws
Belostomatidae/Naucoridae-pincher like fore legs |
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Term
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Definition
| sclerites located in the Cervix where muscles are attached to move th head. They originate on the thorax and insert on the head |
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Term
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Definition
| close the mandibles, originate on the vertex and insert on the mandibles |
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Term
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Definition
| sclerotized, brown or dark flange that extends dorsally almost to the top of the head and ventrally to a ligament-like connection with the mandible |
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Term
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Definition
| Bridge where the posterior tentorial arm and anterior tentorial arm are fused |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles that controlt the cibarium (piercing/sucking mp) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dorsal longitudinal muscles-insert and originate on the antecosta of each segments dorsal ventral muscles-originate on sternum and insert on the thorax |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles attached to the basalare sclerite, supination |
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Term
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Definition
| prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax |
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Term
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Definition
| tergum of the prothorax, single sclerite, loss of the antecosta because of the cervical membrane (cervix) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Antecosta and Scuto-scutellar Phragma |
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Definition
| examples of phragma. They form the outside antecostal suture (dividing line between the prothorax and mesothorax as well as between the mesothorax and metathorax) |
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Term
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Definition
antecosta-phragma
antecostal sulcus-divides antecosta from scutum
Prescutum-1st primary sclerite(lateral portions are the prealar bridges)
Scutum-2nd sclerite, most extensive region of the notum (lateral portions bear the anterior and posterior notal wing processes)
scuto-scutellar sulcus-divides the scutum and scutellum
scutellum-3rd sclerite typically triangular
Scutellar sulcus-divides scutellum and scutellar shield
Scutellar shield-sclerite
Postnotum-4th sclerite, seperated from the scutellum by a membranous area |
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Term
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Definition
| sclerites in the pleural region |
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Term
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Definition
| internal phragma that divides the meso and metathorax into an episternum and and epimeron |
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Term
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Definition
| pleural sulcus terminates ventrally in an articulatory process, known as the pleural wing process |
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Term
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Definition
| in articulatory membrane between the episternum and coxa and is a triangular sclerite |
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Term
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Definition
| basalare and subalare sclerites. detached from dorsal region of the episternum and epimeron |
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Term
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Definition
| median plates (prothoracic, mesothoracic, metathoracic)2 small intersegmental sternites(each bears a spina and are together called a spinasternum), 2 sternopleurites (laterally to the median sclerites) |
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Term
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Definition
| seen in cockroaches, median sclerite fused (divided into the anterior basisternum and posterior sternellum), sternopleurites located lateraly to eusternum |
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Term
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Definition
| basal sclerite (postmentum) attached to the head (like a lower lip) |
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Term
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Definition
| divided into the submentum and post mentum and located on the labium, the prementum proceeds distally and labial palpi arise from the prementum laterally. Apically it bears the glossae and the paraglossae(fused is the ligula) |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior to the labium, basal sclerite is the cardo which attaches to the insect's head, arising from cardo is stipe (median sclerite), attached laerally to the stipes are the maxillary palps, Distally the stipes bear two lobes the lacinia (mesal and bears teeth) and the galea(lateral) |
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Term
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Definition
| heavily scleritized with an incisor and molar region |
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Term
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Definition
| unpaired median tongue like structure (elongated in piercing and sucking mouthparts) |
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Term
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Definition
| (like upper lip) flap like structure closes preoral cavity anteriorly, unpaired median sclerite. ventral surface is the epipharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| coiled galea of maxillae in the lepidopteras |
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Term
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Definition
| (foramen magnum) opening between back of head and thorax |
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Term
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Definition
| sulcus, ecdysial cleavage on heaf. the inverted Y seen. dorsal part of Y (stem) is the coronal suture while the arms is the frontal sutures |
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Term
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Definition
| (true suture) strengthens the epicranial walls, between occiput and (gena, vertex, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme posterior, forms the postoccipital ridge where prothoracic muscles are attached to move the head, between occiput and postocciput |
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Term
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Definition
| each side of the head above the mandibles (specifically known as the pleurostomal sulcus and posterior to mandibles is known as the hypostomal sulcus) |
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Term
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Definition
| (frontoclypeal sulcus) connects the anterior end of subgenal sulci aka region between frons and clypeus |
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Term
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Definition
| grooves surrounding the compound eye |
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Term
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Definition
| rim of the antennal socket reinforced by a submarginal ridge |
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Term
| Anterior tentorial pits, posterior Tentorial pits |
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Definition
Anterior-anterior arms of the tentorium and bases form the pit
Posterior-posterior arms of the tentorium and pits are located on the lower extremities of the postoccipital suture |
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Term
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Definition
| usually where muscles of labrum take there origin, front of cranium below vertex and above the clypeus |
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Term
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Definition
| postclypeus and anteclypeus, enlarged on hemiptera and other sucking insects because of the large cibarial muscles, below the frons and above the labrum usually seperated from frons by epistomal sulcus |
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Term
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Definition
| dorsal surface forming the top of the head, top of cranium |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral parts of the cranium beneath or behinf the eyes, side of cranium below eyes behind frons in front of occiput and above subgenal sulcus |
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Term
Pronathous
Hyponathous
Opisthognathous |
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Definition
Pronathous-mouthparts directed forward
Hyponathous-mouthparts directed downward
Opisthognathous-mouthparts directly posterior |
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Term
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Definition
| To lateral lobes (mandibular plates probably) seen in hempitera. |
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Term
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Definition
| behind "beak" of hemiptera extending to the foramen magnum |
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Term
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Definition
| in relation to diptera-depressed area where antennae occur |
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Term
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Definition
| across the frons (in fly frons near vertex of head) above the base of he antennae |
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Term
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Definition
| hardened plates of the outer body wall seperated from each other by grooves or by membrane. grooves known as sulci or sutures |
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Term
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Definition
| soft, flexible areas between sclerites |
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Term
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Definition
| body divisions (3 in hexapods-head, thorax, and abdomen) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (caudal) rear of the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| across long axis of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| prallel to long axis of the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
PLeural region
pleuron-
pleurite- |
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Definition
PLeural region-ventrolateral parts of thorax to which legs are attached
pleuron-sclerotixed portion of pleural region
pleurite-individual sclerite of the pleuron |
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Term
Dorsal region-
tergum-
tergite- |
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Definition
Dorsal region-area above pleural region
tergum-sclerotized portion of the pleural region
tergite-individual sclerite of the tergum |
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Term
Ventral region-
sternum-
sternite- |
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Definition
Ventral region-area below pleural regions
sternum-sclerotized portion of the venter
sternite- individual sclerite of the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st pair of legs attached, anterior most segment of the thorax |
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Term
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Definition
| middle of thorax where the 2nd pair of legs and 1st pair of wings is present |
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Term
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Definition
| last segment of the thorax where 3rd pair of legs and 2nd pair of wings are attached |
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Term
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Definition
| large archlike tergum on the dorsal side of the prothorax |
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Term
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Definition
| dorsal sclerite of the mesothorax and metathorax |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| mesopleuron and metalpeuron |
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Definition
mesopleuron-pleuron of the mesothorax
metapleuron-region of the metathorax between the base of the hind wing and the base of the hind leg |
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Term
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Definition
| loccated ventrally on the prothorax between the procoxae |
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Term
| mesosternum and metasternum |
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Definition
| ventral region of the mesothorax and metathorax |
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Term
| mesopleural and metapleural sulcus |
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Definition
| divides mesopleuron into anterior and posterior, runs from coxal process to pleural wing process, same for meta |
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Term
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Definition
| pleuron anterior to pleural sulcus (mesepisternum and metepisternum) |
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Term
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Definition
| pleuron posterior to pleural sulcus (mesepimeron, metepimeron) |
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Term
| meso and metathoracic spiracle |
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Definition
| respiratory openings and valves |
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Term
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Definition
| small sclerites below each wing base where direct muscles attach |
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Term
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Definition
| cavity in pleuron where leg articulates |
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Term
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Definition
spines-on shaft of tibia not articulated
spurs-distal on tibia and articulated |
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