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Environmental Geology
Rocks and Igneous Rocks
8
Geology
Undergraduate 1
02/24/2006

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Term
MINERALS
What are they?
Definition
Chemical compounds of one or more elements bonded together.
inorganic, naturally occuring, solid, definate chemical composition, orderly arrangement of atoms.
Term
What is most abundant in the earths crust?
Definition
Silicate Matierials.
75% of the earths crust!
Term
ROCK CYCLE
What drives the rock cycle?
Definition
internal heat engine: Heat that is produced inside the earth from radioactive decay. Drives plate techtonics.
External Heat Engine: The sun, drives evaporation & precipitation
Term
Hydrolic Cycle
Definition
* Dissolves Rocks
* Water freezes and expands, breaking rocks.
* Transports sediments (pieces of rocks and minerals through rivers, lakes.
* Diposits sediment
Term
How do Igneous rocks form?
Definition
* They form from cooling/solidifying molten rock.
* As molten rock cools, minerals form.
Term
How do we classify igneous rocks?
Definition
*grainsize (size of minerals)
*composition (mineral content)
Term
Grainsize is? (igneous)
Definition
Controlled by the rate of cooling. *formed when magma cools at the earths surface
*extrusive rocks (meaning out)
SLOW COOLING ROCKS = course grained min. (visable, big enough to see)
*formed when magma cools inside the earths surface.
*intrusive rocks
Term
Composition :mineral content. (igneous)
Definition
FELSIC = Lite color, rich Si, low Fe & Mg.
INTERMEDIATE= Grey or Salt & Pepper.
MAFIC= Dark color, rich Fe & Mg, Low Si
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