Term
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Definition
| : Abnormal deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood. Symptoms include Drowsiness, Weakness, Agitation, Euphoria, Loss of judgment, concentration, muscle control, and consciousness. Treatment includes delivery of 100% O2 to affected diver. |
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Term
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Definition
| There are two types of O2 Toxicity, pulmonary and CNS caused by exposure to a partial pressure of oxygen above that encountered in normal daily living. Symptoms include pain and coughing experienced on inspiration for pulmonary O2 toxicity. VENTID-C is the pneumonic for CNS O2 Toxicity. Treatment for 02 toxicity: Ascend, Shift to a breathing mixture with a lower oxygen percentage, in the recompression chamber remove the mask. |
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Term
a. Carbon monoxide poisoning
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Definition
| : Carbon monoxide blocks hemoglobin’s ability to deliver oxygen to the cells, causing cellular hypoxia, and also poisons cellular metabolism directly. Symptoms include Headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and tightness across the forehead. Treatment of CO poisoning consists of getting the diver to fresh air and seeking medical attention. Hyperbaric O2 therapy is the definitive treatment of choice. |
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Term
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Definition
Condition where breathing stops and both hypoxia and hypercapnia occur simultaneously. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term applied to breathing more than is necessary to keep the body’s carbon dioxide tensions at proper level. Voluntary hyperventilation is dangerous and can lead to unconsciousness and death during breath hold dives (shallow water blackout). Involuntary Hyperventilation includes symptoms of “air hunger”, headache, weakness, numbness, blurring of vision (can be confused with CNS O2 toxicity). Divers are encouraged to relax and slow their breathing rates. The body will correct hyperventilation naturally |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical effects of pressure results when pressure differentials are not equalized properly. Five required conditions: Gas filled space, rigid walls, enclosed, lining membrane with arterial blood supply and venous drainage, membrane lining and vascular penetration |
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Term
Pulmonary over inflation syndrome: |
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Definition
| Over pressurization of the lung with subsequent overexpansion and rupture of the alveolar air sacs. Three type include AGE, Mediastinal/Subcutaneous Emphysema, and Pneumothorax. AGE symptoms are similar to a stroke, treatment is immediate recompression. Symptoms of Mediastinal/Subcutaneous Emphysema include mild to moderate pain under the breastbone that may radiate to the shoulder or back and increase on deep inspiration, coughing or swallowing and crepitation. Treatment includes 100% O2 on the surface and observation by medical personnel. Onset of Pneumothorax is accompanied by a sudden sharp chest pain followed by shortness of breath, labored breathing, rapid heart rate, weak pulse and anxiety. Treatment is similar to Subcutaneous Emphysema with a thorough Neural exam to rule out AGE. |
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Term
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Definition
| Raising of the core temperature of the body. Risk when air temperature exceeds 90F or the water exceeds 82F. Body core temperature should not exceed 102.2F (39C). Signs and symptoms may vary among individuals. Victim may experience disorientation, tremors, loss of consciousness and or seizures. Treatment includes cooling the victim and hydrating. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowering of the core temperature of the body. Victim will experience uncontrolled shivering, slurred speech, imbalance, and poor judgment. To treat mild cases passive and active rewarming techniques may be used. For sever cases use only passive rewarming and immediately transport to the nearest medical treatment facility |
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Term
124.15 How would various underwater conditions at the dive site influence your selection of the type of equipment to be used?
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Definition
| Scuba is limited to 1 knot of current, Mk 20 surface supplied to 1.5 knots and Mk 21 surface supplied to 2.5 knots with extra weight. Scuba provides extra mobility but limited gas supply. Additional protection is provided to the diver by the hard hat. Water temperature will determine the need for wetsuit, drysuit, or hot water suit. |
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Term
124.15 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of Mk 16 and SCUBA.
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Definition
a. SCUBA has limited endurance, limited physical protection, and is influenced by current. There is a lack of voice communication unless equipped with a through-water communications system or full face mask
b. Requires a high level of training. Cold water will reduce falsk pressure and ACF of gas available. Switching diluents between dives is not authorized in the Mk 16 mod 1. There are no repetitive dive procedures to convert RNT between diluents and or SCUBA. Higher risk of CNS O2 toxicity. |
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Term
124.15 Describe the restrictions and operational considerations for MK 16 and SCUBA.
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Definition
a. Work limits: Normal 130 fsw, Maximum 190 fsw with CO or OIC permission. 100 fsw using single SCUBA cylinder with less than 100 SCF. Standby diver with at least 100 SCF cylinder capacity below 60 fsw. Within no-decompression limits. Current, 1 knot maximum. Current greater than 1 knot requires ORM analysis. As a minimum the divers must be tended or have a witness float.
Maximum working limits for the Mk16 Mod 0 are 150 fsw with N2O2 and 200 fsw with HeO2. Using the Mk 16 Mod 1 Normal Working limits are 150 on N2O2 and 300 fsw with HeO2. Maximum working limits are 190 fsw N2O2 and 300 fsw on He02. |
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Term
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Definition
| single celled microscopic organism, causes disease by invading tissue, becomes more hazardous when it is transformed into spores. Spores can be resistant to heat cold and radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious micro-organism that exists as a particle rather than as a complete cell. They are submicroscopic and cannot be seen by the naked eye or light microscope. They are capable of passing through filter systems that collect bacteria. Viruses require a living host to survive. |
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Term
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Definition
inorganic substances produced by living organisms that can adversely affect
the functioning of the human body. |
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Term
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Definition
Employment: Decontaminate skin through physical removal, absorption, and neutralization of toxic agent with no long-term harmful effects.
Operating Parameters: external use only
Components: wallet like pouch containing six decontamination packets, enough to perform three complete decontaminations. Each packet contains an applicator pad filled with decontamination powder
Functioning: Rub down all exposed areas with pads. |
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Term
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Definition
Employment: provides decontamination of your individual equipment through physical removal and absorption of the chemical agent with no long term harmful side effects.
Operating Parameters:
Components: Each kit consists of a carrying pouch that contains four sealed soft packets (enough to do two complete individual equipment decon operations.) Each packet consists of a decon mitt filled with an Alumina based sorbant and sealed within a waterproof package.
Functioning: decontaminates individuals personal equipment, i.e. gloves, mask, hood, NBC overboots, helmet, weapon |
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Term
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Definition
| A decrease in air temperature with an increase in height is expressed as a negative number. i.e. 60degree F @ 12” and 58degree F @ 6’ will give a -2degree condition usually prevails during daylight (1000-1600) if sky is clear or partially clear. A smoke grenade will rise and disperse quickly. A strong lapse temp gradient is always preferred for C/B agent disposal |
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Term
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Definition
| An increase in Temp with an increase in height expressed as a positive number. i.e. 60degree F @12” and 63degree F @ 6’ will give a 3degree F inversion condition. Usually prevails in lower layer of air on clear or partially clear nights and early mornings until about 1 hr after sunrise. Smoke grenade will stay close to the ground and travel long distances with out excessive diffusion. These conditions are undesirable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very little or no change in temp with an increase in height indicates a vertical temp gradient of 0degree F. Heavy overcast days and night and crossover periods normally 1 to 2 hrs before sunset, or when wind speed is greater than 13.4 mph. May be acceptable for some disposal operations |
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