Term
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Definition
EPI - on, upon
DEMOS - people
LOGY - study
Epidemology - the study of "what is upon the people" |
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Term
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Definition
1. fundamental science of public health
2. population perspective
3. comparisons
4. causation |
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Term
| Objectives and Applications of Epi |
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Definition
1. Describe distribution of health outcomes with in populations
2. Identify causes (etiology) of health outcomes
3. Control health outcomes within populations
4. Provide evidence to guide health policies |
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Term
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Definition
1. Target Population
2. Study Population -sample
3. Population at Risk |
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Term
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Definition
| probability that an event will occur within a stated period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| An event, condition or characteristic that puts individuals or groups at risk of developing disease, disability or death |
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Term
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Definition
| risk factor, or amount of a risk factor to which an individual or a group was exposed |
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Term
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Definition
| factor that brings about change in a health condition or in other defined characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
*social factors
*biological factors
*behaviors
*access to health care
*infectious agent
*genes
*neighborhood factors
*national, state, or local policy
*stress
*environmental factors |
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Term
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Definition
1. Disability
2. Death (mortality)
3. Disease (morbidity)
4. Development of a risk factor |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary or long-term reduction of a person's capacity to fully function physically, mentally, or socially |
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Term
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Definition
*Death
*Measured in terms of:
-persons who died
-causes of death
*survival
-not dying
-not developing disease |
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Term
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Definition
*sickness, illness, disease
*any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological well being
*measured in terms of:
-persons who are/were ill
-illness experienced
-length of illness |
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Term
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Definition
1. Clinical Disease
2. Non-Clinical Disease
-pre-clinical
-sub-clinical
-latent
-chronic |
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Term
| Natural History of Disease |
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Definition
used to predict prognosis
PRECLINICAL PHASE
(A) Biologic Onset of Disease
(P) Pathologic Evidence of Disease if Sought
(S)Signs and Symptoms
CLINICAL PHASE
(S) Signs and Symptoms of Disease
(M) Medical Care Sought
(D) Diagnosis
(T) Treatment |
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Term
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Definition
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary |
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Term
| Primary Level of Prevention |
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Definition
action taken to prevent disease in a healthy person
*Purpose: protection of health by personal and commual efforts
*examples: immuniation |
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Term
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Definition
Identification of people who have already developed disease
*Purpose: early detection and intervention
*Example: screening programs |
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Term
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Definition
maintenance of physical and mental function among persons with disease/outcome
*Purpose: maximize quality and quantity of life
*Example: medical treatment & rehabilitaion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| illness due to a specific infectious agent or it's toxic products - infection from transmission of an agent or its products from an infected person, animal or environment to it's suseptible host - causes outbreaks or epidemics |
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Term
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Definition
| an illness or condition that persists; does not resolve spontaneously, complete cure is rarely achieved; uncertian causes; multiple risk factors; often long latency period |
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Term
| Infectious Disease Transmission |
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Definition
1. Direct Transmission
2. Indirect Transmission |
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Term
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Definition
1. Direct contact
-mucous membrane to mucous membrane
-cross placental (vertical transmission)
-blood or tissue
-skin to skin
2. Droplet Spread
-sneeze, spit, coughs |
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Term
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Definition
1. Through commmon vehicle
-contaminated food, water, air
2. vectors
3. fomites
4. medical devices adn treatments |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious agent - reservior - portals of exit - modes of transmission - portals of entry - envronmental host - |
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Term
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Definition
| agent - host - environment - vector |
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Term
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Definition
for disease transmission to occur, the host must be susceptible:
-the state of being easily affected by disease risk/occurence
-susceptibility determined by factors unique to host: genetics, immune system, nutrition, competing health conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| the capacity of a person to remain free of infection or clinical illness after being exposed to an infectious agent |
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Term
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Definition
*resistance of a group to introduction and spread of an infectious agent because most members of the group are immune
*resistance is a product of the number susceptibles and the probability that those who are susecptible will come into contact with an infected person
-once large part of the community immune, less likely for an infected person to come in contact with susecptible person |
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Term
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Definition
| ongoing systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementing and evaluation of public healht practice |
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Term
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Definition
1. passive
2. active
3. syndromic |
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Term
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Definition
| physicians, hospitals, & labs report cases that come to their attention |
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Term
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Definition
| periodic telephone calling, or personal visits to reporting individuals to obtain data |
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Term
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Definition
Signs and Symptoms
using health related data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of a case of an outbreak to warrant further public health notice |
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Term
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Definition
| usual occurences of a disease or other health outcomes with in an area or population |
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Term
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Definition
| occurrences of more disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| epidemic occuring over a vary wide area - several countries or continents |
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Term
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Definition
| when the number of cases of illness observed in a population is greater than the number of cases of illness expected in that population |
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Term
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Definition
1. common-vehicle exposure
2. single exposure
3. multiple exposures |
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Term
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Definition
probable course or result of a disease
-recovery
-death
-maintenance of diseased state
predict future course of disease based on:
-research
-conditions of patient
-action of disease
-other factors |
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Term
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Definition
-deaths per person-year at risk
-case fatality rate
-simple survival rate
-5-year survival rate
-observed survival rate
-relative survival rate
-median survival rate |
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Term
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Definition
-incidence
-prevalence
-mortality
-proportions |
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Term
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Definition
-differences
-odds ratio
-relative risk
-attributable risk |
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Definition
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Definition
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