Term
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Definition
| error by researcher in design/conducting of study that leads to a falsse asocation btwn disease and exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects the fact that epi research is conducted among free=living ppl w/ unevely distirbuted charaterisitcs |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of bias and confounding |
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Term
| factors that help epis determine best study design |
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Definition
| 1) hypothesis 2) state of knowledge 3) frequencey of the exposure 4) freq of disease 5) expected strength of association |
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Term
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Definition
| studies causes, preventions, and treatments for disease; investigator passively observes nature |
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Term
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Definition
| examines multiple health effects of an exposure; suhject are defined according to their exposure levels and followe for disease occurrence |
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Term
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Definition
| examine multiple exposures in relation to a diseasel subjects are defined as cases and control and exp histories are compared |
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Term
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Definition
| examines rlsp btwn exp and disease prev in pop at a single point in time |
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Term
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Definition
| examines rlsp btwn exp and disease prev with population level rather than individual level |
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Term
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Definition
| studies role of some agent in prevention/treament of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| preventative/prophylactiv vs theraputic |
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Term
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Definition
| intent-to-treat vs efficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| study a single disease in relation of one or two exposures |
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Term
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Definition
| defined as cases vs controls; exposure histories are recorded |
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Term
Case Control
population control: |
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Definition
(+) "would"
(-) $
time,
less likely to want to participate,
more healthy therefore less accurate recall |
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Term
Case Control
hospital/clinic controls: |
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Definition
(+) accurate recall b/c sick;
easier to locate;
similar to case population (sick)
(-) had to identify which other illness to include |
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Term
Case Control
survivor sampling- |
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Definition
| those who are not sick at end of period |
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Term
Case Control
case base/case cohort sampling- |
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Definition
| control selected from pop at risk at beginning before period |
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Term
Case Control
risk set sampling- |
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Definition
| selected from pop at risk while cases are being diagnosed |
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Term
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Definition
| probability that it will occur/probablity is wont occur |
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Term
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Definition
Plus:
little I know about etiology of disease so produce risk factors;
less time/$ than cohort;
better rare disease and long induction/latent periods (b/c less people);
when exposure data hard to collect (b/c less people); dynamic pop |
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Term
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Definition
| retrospective=bias; had to determine temporal rlsp |
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Term
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Definition
| examines one(+) health effects of exposure to a single aspect |
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Term
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Definition
| paticipants defined according to exposure and followed over time to measure disease incidence |
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Term
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Definition
| group of ppl w/ similar characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| = reference/comparison group |
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Term
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Definition
| "follow-up" "longitudinal" "incidence" |
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Term
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Definition
| based on irrevocapble exposure that cant change over time (i.e. surgery) |
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Term
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Definition
| fixed cohort with no loss to follow-up |
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Term
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Definition
| past/current exposure w8 for disease to occure |
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Term
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Definition
| both exposure/disease have occurred, only looks at past |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
cohort
choice of type of cohort study based |
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Definition
| on $, time, research question, and population/info availibility |
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Term
cohort
determination of exposed group based on |
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Definition
| research question, exposure frequency, and feasibility (i.e. follow-up, availibility of records) |
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Term
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Definition
| used to study health effects of uncommon exposures VS general cohorts |
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Term
cohort
three sources for comparison group: |
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Definition
| internal, general pop, cohort |
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Term
cohort
internal comparison group: |
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Definition
| unexposed memebrs of same cohort; BEST |
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Term
cohort;
general population |
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Definition
| used when no internal comp avaible, based on past history |
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Term
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Definition
| usually CI or IR/ absolute or relative difference in rlsp |
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Term
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Definition
provide info on large pop of health effects
used when little know about effects of exposure
rare exposure (less 20%) |
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Term
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Definition
= (+) Long latent periods;
(-) less info, less rlsp
|investigate prior outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
(+) short latent, current exposure, higher quality date
(-) more time/$, need to follow-up |
investigates future outcomes |
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