Term
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Definition
| According to Edward Winslow (1920), it is the science and the art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health |
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Term
| What are the 2 main missions of public health? |
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Definition
-the fulfillment of society's interest in assuring the conditions in which people can be healthy
-organized community efforts aimed at the prevention of disease and the promotion of health |
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Term
| In medicine the patient is the _________; in public health, the patient is the ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The goal of medicine is _________; the goal of public health is ______________ of disease and disability |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 core functions of public health? |
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Definition
1. assesment (diagnostic function)
2. policy development (treatment plan)
3. assurance (accessible services) |
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Term
| What is the basic science of public health? |
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Definition
| Epidemiology- aims to control the spread of infectious disease and seeks causes of chronic disease and ways to limit harmful exposures |
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Term
| What is the science of statistics in relation to public health? |
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Definition
| the collection of data on the population, the numbers are diagnostic tools for the health of the community. stats is used to calculate benefits and risks |
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Term
| What do biomedical sciences focus on? |
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Definition
| how agents are spread and how they effect the human body. (infectious diseases, chronic diseases, and genetics) |
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Term
| What is the focus of environmental health science? |
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Definition
| preventing the spread of disease via environmental exposures (air quality, water quality, solid and hazardous wastes, safe food and drugs, global environmental change) |
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Term
| What is the focus of social and behavioral sciences in relation to public health? |
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Definition
| -behavior is now the leading factor in affecting people's health (tobacco, poor diet, physical inactivity, injuries) |
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Term
| In the US, there is more concern over __________ disease than ____________ it |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three major sources of controversy in public health? |
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Definition
-economic impact
-individual liberty
-moral and religious concerns |
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Term
| What are 4 reasons that the government can restrict individual freedoms? |
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Definition
-to prevent harm to others
-paternalism
-to protect individuals from their own actions (?)
-for the "common good" |
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Term
| What is the "natural history" of a disease? |
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Definition
| refers to the course of disease from its beginning to its final clinical end |
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Term
| What are the 4 common stages relevant to most diseases? |
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Definition
1. stage of susceptibility
2. stage of pre-symptomatic disease (incubation period, latency period)
3. stage of clinical disease
4. stage of recovery, disability, or death |
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Term
| When referring to the natural history of disease, what is pre pathogenesis? |
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Definition
| before agent reacts with host |
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Term
| When referring to the natural history of disease, what is pathogenesis? |
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Definition
| after the agent reacts with the host |
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Term
| In the three prevention levels used in public health, what is primary prevention? |
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Definition
-occurs during the pre pathogenesis phase
-includes health promotion and specific protection against disease
-Ex: immunization, sanitation, education, media campaigns, warning labels |
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Term
| Describe active and passive primary prevention? |
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Definition
-active: necessitates behavior change on the part of the subject (vaccinations and wearing protective devices)
-passive: does not require and behavior change (fluoridation of public water and vitamin fortifications of milk and break products) |
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Term
| In the three prevention levels used in public health, what is secondary prevention? |
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Definition
-occurs during pathogenesis phase
-occurs to reduce the progress of disease
-the disease already exists in the person
-Ex: Cancer screening (cancer already present): the goal is to detect the cancer before clinical symptoms arise in order to improve prognosis |
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Term
| In the three prevention levels used in public health, what is tertiary prevention? |
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Definition
-to reduce the limitation of disability from disease
-the disease has already occurred
-also directed at restoring optimal functioning (rehab)
-Ex: PT for stroke victims, halfway houses for recovering alcoholics, fitness programs for MI patients |
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Term
| What level of government is responsible for public health in your community? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the significance of the shattuck commission? |
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Definition
| 1850, published the first report on sanitation and public health problems. It set forth the importance of est. state and local boards of health and recommended an organized effort to collect and analyze vital stats |
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Term
| What are 4 common practices today that were originally brought to light in the Shattuck commission? |
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Definition
-exchange of health information
-sanitary inspections
-research on tuberculosis
-teaching of sanitation and prevention in medical schools |
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Term
| What is the governmental public health agency? |
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Definition
| Department of health and human services |
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Term
| Which federal HHS agency receives the majority of the HHS budget?? |
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Definition
| The center for medicare and medicaid services |
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Term
| What is the main epidemiological and assessment agency for the nation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 major areas of the CDC |
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Definition
-center for health stats
-center on infectious diseases, chronic disease, and injury prevention
-birth defects and disabilities
-health promotion
**HQ in Atlanta, GA |
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Term
| What is the biomedical research agency of the department of HHS? |
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Definition
| NIH, has laboratories in Bethesda, MD |
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Term
| What are some major areas of the NIH? |
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Definition
-institutes on cancer, heart and lung disease, diabetes, agin, child health and human development, and others
-provides grant funding to researchers in universities and research centers
-clinical center where medical researchers test experimental therapies
-national library of medicine |
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Term
| What is the consumer protection agency of the department of HHS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Over what does the FDA have the authority for safety and regulation? |
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Definition
| -food, drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, vaccines, diagnostic tests |
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Term
| What is state level public health funded by? |
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Definition
| the state and by federal block grants |
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