Term
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Definition
| used to describe nominal (categorized or labeled) data. 2 possible categories (ex: alive/dead, exposed/not exposed) |
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Term
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Definition
| make a 2-way choice; they are ratios, proportions and rates. [ x/y(10^n) ] x and y are being compared |
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Term
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Definition
| x and y may be independent of each other (males vs. females) or x may be included in y (females vs. total population) |
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Term
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Definition
| a ratio, where x is included in y |
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Term
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Definition
| a ratio, often a proportion that measures occurrence of an event over time = # of cases or events/given time times 10^n pop. at risk/same given time. |
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Term
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Definition
1) cases must be from pop in denominator.
2) both in same time period
3)denominator population must be at risk, possibility of experiencing event |
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Term
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Definition
| Eosinophilia Myalgia Syndrome. increase in eosinophils (WBC that attack worms/toxins) and severe muscle pain (chest or abdomen). by ingestion of L-tryptophan(health sleep aid) |
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Term
| Ratios, proportions and rates are used to describe 3 epidemiological events: |
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Definition
1) mobidity (disease)
2) Mortality (death)
3) natality (birth) |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to describe the presence or risk of disease in a population. Disease= illness, injury or disability. |
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Term
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Definition
Most common. rates are better for comparing occurrence, cuz rates adjust the data for population size. New cases/given time times 10^n
Pop. at risk/same given time.
Measures/compares risk |
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Term
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Definition
| only new cases (none before) |
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Term
| Incidence rate denominator |
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Definition
| 1)pop. at risk (be susceptible, Large pop.-diff to eliminate non-sus; small pop-can be eliminated. 2)pop must originate numerator cases (geographically, membership, experience) 3) size at start, middle or avg size of pop. |
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Term
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Definition
| change over time. period of time must be specified. (yr most common) |
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Term
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Definition
| new +pre-existing (all) cases/given time times 10^n. pop at risk/same given time. Can be point (day) or interval (week) |
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Term
| Chronic disease with unclear onset date |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (risk of becoming a case) narrow population for limited time. new cases/given time over pop at risk/ begin of period times 100 (percentage) |
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Term
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Definition
| new cases among contacts of primary/given time over total # of contacts times 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| incidence rate. for cohort studies with long incubation periods. |
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Term
| person-time vs. attack rate |
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Definition
| person-time take into account persons lost in followup, attack ignore them. attack - proportion of pop becoming ill in short time period. person-time - how quick ppl develop illness over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| health risk between 2 groups. exposed to non exposed. |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of niacin (lack of vitamin B in diet) 3D - dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia. flour protected mill workers. |
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Term
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Definition
| greater than 2 - strong association. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| RETROSPECTIVE> exposure among cases to exposure among controls. indirect measure of risk. dont need pop size. |
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Definition
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Term
| gain pop health knowledge |
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Definition
data collection
data analysis
interpretation
dissemination of info
involves: public, health care providers and health agencies. |
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Term
| goal of public health surveillance |
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Definition
| improve public health. by: identify problems, set priorities, plan programs, implement programs, evaluate programs. |
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