Term
| assumptions of epidemiology |
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Definition
- disease occurence is not random
- systematic investigation of different populations can ID causal and preventative factors
- making comparisons is the cornerstone on systematic investigations
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Term
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Definition
- study of distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations and the application of this study to control health problems
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Term
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Definition
- study of natural history and prognosis of disease
- determine the extent of disease in population
- ID etiology (cause, risk factors) of disease
- evaluate effectiveness of preventive measures, therapeutic measures, and modes of health care delivery
- provide basis for establishing public policy and regulatory decisions
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Term
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Definition
| characteristic that influences whether or not disease occurs |
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Term
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Definition
- disease is the result of interaction betweem
- susceptible host
- biologic/social host characteristics
- appropriate agent
- ability of agent to affect host
- appropriate environment
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Term
| Distinguish between primary, secondary, and teritiary prevention |
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Definition
- primary- action taken to prevent disease among those who do NOT have disease
- secondary- action taken among people who have already developed a disease to improve their prognosis
- refer to early detection (screening) and early intervention
- tertiary- prevent disease progression and suffering after disease clinically obvious and diagnosis has been established; aka disease management
- ex: routine screening for renal, eye, foot problems in diabetics
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Term
| potential agents of disease |
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Definition
- infectious organisms
- biologic agents- allergens, vaccines
- chemical agents
- physical agents
- psychological/sociological agents
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Term
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Definition
- describe the patterns of disease in terms of person, place, and time (the "other" epidemiology triad)
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Term
| ten greatest public health achievements in the USA |
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Definition
- vaccination
- motor vehicle safety
- safer workplaces
- control of infectious diseases
- safer and healthier foods
- healthier mothers and babies
- family planning
- decline in deaths from CHD and stroke
- fluoridation of drinking water
- recognition of tobacco as a health hazard
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Term
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Definition
- a change in disease frequency occuring over a long period of time (years or decades)
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Term
| cyclic changes of disease |
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Definition
- recurrent alterations in the frequency of disease (often seasonal)
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Term
| natural progression of epidemiologic reasoning |
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Definition
- suspicion that a factor influences disease occurrence
- form a specific hypothesis
- conduct epidemiologic study to determine the relationship between exposure and disease
- consider chance, bias, confounding with interpretation
- judge whether association may be causal
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