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elegies, poems biographies, histories sermons, propaganda |
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unadorned, simple, natural useful, didactic, Biblical |
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scientific writings poetry political pamphlets & essays |
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Neoclassical characteristics |
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clarity, rationality progress, perfectibility of man efficacy of reasoning; God's beneficience |
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Neoclassical philosophy (ies) |
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Rationalism; Deism science > Theology, reason > faith skepticism > authority |
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emotion, imagination, "love" of nature Common Man, personal exp. author's individual personality (late) |
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Romantic philosophy (ies) |
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Pantheism, Transcendentalism mysterious, adventurous |
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novel, essays short stories NO POETRY! |
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dialect, local color clear & direct language, truthful treatment concerned with earthly & immediate |
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Naturalism characteristics |
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distorted view of life & reality evolutionistic thinking photographic accuracy pessimism; scientific approach |
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Naturalism philosophy (ies) |
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applying Darwin to literature Determinism (fate -> outside forces) Fatalism (fate -> other beings) Imagism |
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Modernism characteristics |
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rejected traditional lit forms & subject matter; experimentation alienation of man, rebellion little morality; fear, chaos, violence |
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Modernism philosophy (ies) |
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Evolution Freudianism Marxism |
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Contemporary characteristics |
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patriotic; social protest counterculture, immortality social criticism |
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Emerson, Thoreau Hawthorne, Poe Longfellow |
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Howells, Twain, James Jewett, Freeman |
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Garland, Bierce Crane, London |
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Eliot, Robinson, Williams Lowell, Masters, Fitzgerald Dunbar, Frost Cather, Hemingway |
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