Term
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Definition
| strains, sprains, slips, trips, falls |
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Term
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Definition
| cumulative trauma disorders, repitive strains, injuries |
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Term
|
Definition
mechanical disruption of tissues
results in pain, inflammation and other biological responses
Acute or Chronic( gradual degradation of tissue due to overuse) |
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Term
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Definition
genetic/ morphological
pyschosocial
biomechanical |
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Term
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Definition
carpal tunnel diameter
gender |
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Term
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Definition
job and work environment factors
job content
work organization/supervision
financial aspects of work |
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Term
Pschosocial
(Non-oocupational factors) |
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Definition
socioeconomic status
non-occupational activities
family status and relations
personality and pyschological factors |
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Term
Psychosocial
(Iatrogenesis) |
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Definition
resulting in the course of professional activities, labeling of everyday pains
healthcare system
work safety analysis
insurance requires "labels" |
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Term
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Definition
force
repitition
posture
vibration
inadequate recovery time |
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Term
| Work- relatedness of musculoskeletal disorders |
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Definition
enumerated by CDC/NIOSH in 1997
multifactorial
may occasionally be difficult to identify a condition as work-related
diagnosis of healthcare provider used as an indicator
carpal tunnel syndrom- 33% work related
Tendontis- 28% work related |
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Term
|
Definition
atonomical features
joint
body region |
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Term
| Atonomical Characteristics |
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Definition
Tendon
Muscle
Nerve
Vascular
Bursa
Bone/cartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
upper extremity
lower back |
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Term
| Anatomical Classification |
|
Definition
tendon
-tenosynovitis
-tendonitis |
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Term
|
Definition
inflammtion of tendon and tendon sheath
may result in either mirco or macrotrauma
localized swelling(resulting in narrowing or stenosing) of the sheath
may form module on tendon-resulting in tendon entrapment |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of tendon alone |
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Term
Tendonitis ex-
Lateral Epicondlitis |
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Definition
tendon of extensor carpi radialis brevis ( origin on lateral epicondyle)
results from forceful twisting motions |
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Term
Tendonitis ex-
Bicipital Tendonitis |
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Definition
inflammation of the long head of the biceps tendon as it passed through the bicipital (intertubercular) groove (orgin along the biceps)
Chronic forceful contraction of the biceps |
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Term
Tendonitis ex-
Rotor Cuff tendonitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the muscle around the shoulder (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor)( muscles around the shouler) |
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Term
Tenovytic ex-
Stenosing tenosynovitis Crepitans (Trigger finger) |
|
Definition
swelling of tendon sheath of flexor tendons
tendon will crackle or crepitate when attempting to straighten the finger
repeated and forceful activation of a power tool (Drill) |
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Term
tenosynovitis ex-
de Quervain's disease |
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Definition
inflammtion of the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
repetitive, forceful exertion of the thumbs |
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Term
Tenosynovitis ex-
Ganglionic Cysts
(byproduct of tenosynovitis) |
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Definition
excess release of synovial fluid
collect and forms cysts which appear as nodules under the skin on the surface of the hand |
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|
Term
tendon-testing for de Quervain's disease
Finklestein's Test |
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Definition
| positive if position causes pain at the radial styloid and along the thumb extensor tendon |
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Term
|
Definition
initial stages marked by mylagia (muscle soreness and pain) and microstructural disruption and inflammation(myositis)
res or reducing workload will reduce the progress of these conditions
excessive and continous use may result in chronic strain and myalgia, resulting in muscular dysfunction |
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Term
|
Definition
excessive external forces on passive structures (facia and other connective tissue) and active structures (contractile elements)
result is loss of force generation capabilities |
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Term
muscle ex-
Tension neck syndrom |
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Definition
trapezuis and neck muscles
any work requiring "hunching" |
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Term
muscle ex-
Writer's Cramp
(focal dystonia) |
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Definition
| first described among scriveners in victorian england in late 19th century |
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Term
Nerve
Entrapment/direct compression |
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Definition
between 2 other types of tissue (muscle, bone, ligament)
direct compression of nerve by contract with an external object
Result: impediment of the transmission of the nerve impulse |
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Term
Nerve ex-
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
|
Definition
entrapment of median nerve between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum
exacerbated by (1) edema and (2) forceful and/or repetive flexion/extension and ulnar/radial deviation |
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Term
Nerve ex-
Pronator teres syndrom |
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Definition
median nerve entraped at the elbow
(muscle passes between unla and radiam) |
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Term
Nerve ex-
Anterior Interosseus Syndrom |
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Definition
median nerve entrapped in the forearm
(between interosseus membrane) |
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Term
| Testing for Carpal tunnel syndrom |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
tapping median nerver
tingling/pain is positive for CTS |
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Term
|
Definition
hold position for 1 minute
pain/tingling distally through innervated areas is positive for CTS |
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Term
| Quality of Phalen's and Tinel's tests |
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Definition
sensitivity- 32% to 89% (2nd stage test and means test is positive)
Specificity- 72% to 84% (test is negative)
not an unequivocal diagnosis |
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Term
|
Definition
entrapment of the unlar nerve on the medial side of the hand
-hammering, wrist, flexion/extension |
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Term
|
Definition
entrapment of the unlar nerve at the elbow(formed by the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris)
resting elbows on hard surface twisting at the elbow (hitting your funny bone) |
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Term
nerve ex-
Radial tunnel syndrome |
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Definition
compression of radial nerve whre it passes into the forearm below lateral epicondyle at radial head
-repetitive forearm rotation |
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Term
nerve ex-
Thoracic outlet syndrome |
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Definition
entrapment of the brachial plexus (nerve roots at C5 and C8)
several locations: (1) between clavicle/1st rib (2) scalenus muscles (back of neck)
overhead work |
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Term
|
Definition
| factors are vibration, cold, direct pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
| reduction of blood supply to nerves and muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
results in tingling, numbness
loss of fine control |
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Term
Vascular ex-
hand/arm vibration syndrom (white finger syndrom) |
|
Definition
vibration (ex: power tools) activates smooth muscles surrounding arteriloes
results from ischemia, blanching, numbness and inability to preform precision work
advanced condition-Raynaud's syndrome |
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Term
vascular ex-
Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome |
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Definition
ulnar artery compressed against the hypothemnar eminence (muscle below the little and ring fingers)
results from hammering motions |
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Term
vascular ex-
thoracic Outlet Syndrom (nuerovascular) |
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Definition
| compression of blood vessels as well as nerves in brachial plexus |
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Term
|
Definition
| sacs filled with synovial located in areas where tendons and muscles pass over bony protuberances and there is the potential for friction |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| subacromial or subdaetoid bursitis |
|
Definition
(Frozen shoulder)
thickening of bursa oain, limited motion |
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Term
|
Definition
| not commonly occupational |
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|
Term
bone/cartilage example-
Rheumatoid Arthritis |
|
Definition
| generalized inflammatory process associated with disease like gaut |
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Term
bone/ cart. ex-
Osteroarthritis |
|
Definition
process of degeneration of joint cartilage
cause is not clear, but maybe the result of trauma |
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Term
|
Definition
muscle
ligament
disc
bone
nerve |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| degeneration and herniation |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| compression at root or peripherally |
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Term
|
Definition
pain radiating down one or both buttocks/legs along the path of innervation of the static nerve
compression at nerve root in spinal canal or in intevertebral canal |
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Term
|
Definition
greatest cost in the US workmans compensation system
injury models and cuma;ative trauma models assume similarity to other MSDs |
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Term
|
Definition
19% of patients could indentify a cause within the 12 hr period proir to the onset of low back pain
documentation of causation is difficult and in many cases, its difficult to identify a specific diagnosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| 12-15% of cases have an identifiable pathoanatomic basis |
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|
Term
(lower back)
idiopathic low back pain |
|
Definition
no pathoanatomic cause
can be identified
pyschosocial factors figure into low back pain of idopathic origins |
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