Term
| Steady state is reached with in.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-lag in O2 uptake at beginning of exercise
-suggests anaerobic pathways contribute to total ATP production |
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Term
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Definition
elevated VO2 for several minutes following exercise.
Also known as Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) |
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Term
| What happens during Fast portion of O2 debt? |
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Definition
-re-synthesis of stored PC
-replacing muscle and blood O2 stores |
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Term
| What happens during slow portion of O2 debt? |
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Definition
-elevated body temperature and catecholamines
-conversion of lactic acid to glucose (gluconeogenesis) |
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Term
| What happens during slow portion of O2 debt? |
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Definition
-elevated body temperature and catecholamines
-conversion of lactic acid to glucose (gluconeogenesis) |
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Term
| ATP-PC system is for exercise how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| High intensity exercise longer that 45 seconds uses what metabolic pathways? |
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Definition
| ATP-PC, glycolysis, and aerobic systems |
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Term
| two physiological factors taht influence VO2 max: |
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Definition
1) "Presentation" - ability of cardiorespiratory system to deliver O2 to muscles
2) "Utilization" ability of muscles to take up the oxygen and produce ATP aerobically |
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Term
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Definition
The point at which blood lactic cid suddently rises during incremental exercise aka anaerobic threshold.
practices in prediction of performance and marker of exercise intensity |
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Term
| mechanisms for lactate threshold |
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Definition
-recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers
-reduced rate of lactate remeoval from the blood
-accelerated glycolysis
-low muscle oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| Converts Lactate into glucose gluconeogensis |
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Term
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Definition
Respiratory exchange ratio (VCO2/VO2)
-indicates fuel utilization (non protein) [0.7 = 100% fat] {0.85 = 50% fat, 50% CHO} |
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Term
| During steady state exercise VCO2 and VO2 are reflective of... |
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Definition
| O2 consumption and CO2 production at teh cellular level |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes shift from fat to CHO metabolism as exercise intensity increases. This is due to recruitment of fast muscle fibers and increasing blood levels of epinephrine. |
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Term
| during prolong exercise the fuel source shifts from what to what? |
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Definition
| CHO metabolism toward fat metabolism |
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Term
| Increased rate of lipolysis |
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Definition
-breakdown of trglycerides into glycerol and FFA
-Stimulated by rising blood levels of epinephrine |
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Term
| Glycogen is depleted during prolonged high-intensity exercise....this means |
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Definition
reduced rate of glycolysis and production of pyruvate
-reduced krebs cycle intermediates
-reduced fat oxidation
-fats are metabolized by krebs cycle |
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Term
| the magnitude of the hormone-receptor interaction effect is dependent on... |
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Definition
-concentration of the hormone
-number of receptors on teh cell
-affinity of the receptor for the hormone |
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Term
| Blood hormone concentration is determined by... |
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Definition
-rate of secretion of hormone from endocrine gland
0rate of metabolism or excretion of hormone
-quantity of transport protein
-changes in plasma volume |
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Term
| Hormones bring about effects by |
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Definition
-altering membrane transport
0stimulatin DNA to increase protein synthesis
-Activating second messengers |
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Term
| Examples of second messengers |
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Definition
-cyclic AMP
-Ca++
-inositol triphosphate
-diacylglycerol |
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Term
| When starting from rest, how long does the body generally take to reach a metabolic steady state for sub-maximal exercise (eg., walking 3 mph)? |
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Definition
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Term
| The lag in oxygen consumption at the start of exercise is called |
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Definition
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Term
| the excess oxygen following exercise is called |
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Definition
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Term
| the plateau in oxygen consumption during exercise of a constant workload is called |
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Definition
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Term
| during oxygen deficit the atp need is met through which metabolic pathway? |
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Definition
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Term
| even when the exercise workload is constant (eg., 3 mph walk), why might the oxygen cost (the energy cost) of exercise increase? |
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Definition
| the subject is exercising in a hot/humid climate |
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Term
| ___________ is the process of sending chemical signals to distant cells |
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Definition
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Term
| exerting a hormonal effect throug "mass action" involves which of the following? |
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Definition
-hormone size
-blood plasma hormone concentration
-affinity b/t hormone-receptor |
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Term
| true or false: a hormone is a chemical substance that is synthesized and released into the blood for a target organ elsewhere in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| a fight or flight situation results in a stereotypical hormone response. This hormone response is intended to impact energy metabolism in what way? |
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Definition
| store energy for use almost immediately |
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Term
| (true or false) the magnitude of stimulator and inhibitory input has little influence on hormone secretion. |
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Definition
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Term
| (True of false)hormones can have differential effects on different tissues b/c of variations in hormone receptor type and number |
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Definition
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Term
| once a hormone finds the targe tissue/cell and binds w/ a receptor on the cell surface, hormonal effects are exereted by what? |
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Definition
-altering membrane transport
-direct stimulation of DNA synthesis in the nucleus
-activation of 2nd messsengers w/in the cell |
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Term
| (True or False) A given hormone (eg. epinephrine) can have different effects on different cell/tissues types |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is released as part of hte "fight or flight" response? |
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Definition
| epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Term
| the biological prerogative of hte body is to maintain ______ glucose levels at all times. |
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Definition
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