Term
| What can determine diagnosis in 80% of esophageal disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Achalasia is most likely to cause what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cardinal symptom of GERD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do strictures usually cause? |
|
Definition
| dysphagia that is progressive in frequency and severity |
|
|
Term
| What do a majority of patients with dysphagia from adenocarcinoma in Barret esophagus have a history of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most common medications cause pill esophagitis? |
|
Definition
| antibiotics, Potassium chloride, NSAIDS, adn quinidine |
|
|
Term
| What are scleroderma, RA, and SLE associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infectious esophagitis is most common in whom? |
|
Definition
| compromised immune system: HIV, malignancy, post-transplant |
|
|
Term
| Barium swallow is more sensitive than endoscopy for what? |
|
Definition
1) subtle narrowing of esophagus
2) motility disorders |
|
|
Term
| Endoscopy is used in whom and is more sensitive than barium for what? |
|
Definition
1) virtually all patients to diagnosis
2) subtle mucosal lesions |
|
|
Term
| what is the gold standard for esophageal motlity disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2/3 of benign esophageal strictures caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are benign esophageal strictures treated? |
|
Definition
dilation
*If 2ndar to GERD - PPI |
|
|
Term
| Where are esophageal (Schatzki) rings located at? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are lower esophageal (Schatzki) rings often associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are four major categories of esophageal motility abnormalities |
|
Definition
1) inadequate relaxation of LES
2) Uncoordinated contraction
3) Hypercontraction
4) Hypocontraction |
|
|
Term
| What chemical is decreased due to neuronal inhibitory neuron degeneration in achalasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What infectious disease is associated with achalasia? |
|
Definition
| Chagas disease from trypanosoma cruzi |
|
|
Term
| Barium swallows will show what in 95% of achalsia patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a feared complication of pneumatic dilation therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a complication associated with myotomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in 80% of patients with scleroderma? |
|
Definition
| fibrosis and ischemia damage of esophagus |
|
|
Term
| GERD higher incidence with what risk factor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most patients with GERD have what anatomic abnormality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increasing acid secretion and decreasing salivation in GERD are associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What may be protective in GERD and has a negative association with esophageal carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is pain described with GERD? |
|
Definition
| uncomfortable, burning sensation behind sternum. often begins in the epigastrum and radiates upward |
|
|
Term
| What medication tx eliminates GERD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most sensitive test for GERD and Barret esophagus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reflux is defined as a pH of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What treatment provides healing 80-100% in 8-12 weeks? |
|
Definition
| PPIs maintenance therapy usually required |
|
|
Term
| adenocarcinoma develops in what percent of barrett esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three most common infections causing esophagitis? |
|
Definition
1) candida
2) HSV
3) cytomegalovirus CMV |
|
|
Term
| What clinical manifestations are seen in most patients with infectious esophagitis? |
|
Definition
1) dysphagia
2) odynophagia |
|
|
Term
| what is the most frequent etiology of esophagitis and what is the most common symptom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the treatments for
1) mild esophagitis
2) more severe infection
3) severe infection |
|
Definition
1) topical agent, clotrimazole
2) systemic antifungal, fluconazole
3) IV amphotericin B |
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for HSV esophagitis? |
|
Definition
| acyclovir- systemic antiviral agent |
|
|
Term
| What type is 90% of esophageal cancers and who are they more common in? |
|
Definition
| squamous cell, more common in blacks |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 most common risk factors for adenocarcinoma? |
|
Definition
1) GERD
2) Barrett esophagus
3) Obesity |
|
|
Term
| What does the presence of symptoms usually represent in esophageal cancers? |
|
Definition
| advanced disease and poor prognosis |
|
|
