Term
|
Definition
| Atom with a positive or negative electric charge. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Membrane, composed of three lamina layers, that encloses cell contents; outer limiting cell membrane. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Subatomic Particle that bears a positive charge; located in the atomic nucleus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or a nerve fiber. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Outermost electron shell (energy level) of an atom that contains electrons. |
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Term
|
Definition
1. the 2nd cervical vertebra; has a vertical projection called the dens around which the atlas rotates
2. the imaginary line about which a joint or structure moves |
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Term
| Diencephalon (interbrain) |
|
Definition
| That part of the forebrain between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain including the thalamus, the third ventricle, and the hypothalamus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Spindle shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus and no externally visible striations (bands). Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Difference in hydrostatic pressure that drives filtration. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Uncharged subatomic particle; found in the atomic nucleus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sense that reports on angular or rotary movements of the head in space. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Clouding of the eye's lens; often congenital or age-related. |
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Term
|
Definition
| One of the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye; provide for color vision. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Minute body found near the nucleus of the cell; active in cell division. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Modified lipid containing phosphorus. |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Basin-shaped bony structure composed of the pelvic girdle, sacrum, and coccyx.
2. Expanded proximal portion of the ureter within the kidney. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized. |
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Term
|
Definition
| One of the biological units of heredity located in chromatin; transmits hereditary information. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; building block of protein. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Water-soluble protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails that makes those structures hard and water-repellent; precursor is keratohyalin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The number of protons in an atom. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rodlike bundle of contractile filaments (myofilaments) found in muscle cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The smallest part of an element; indivisible by ordinary chemical means. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissues. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body (except for joint cavities); serosa. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ionic compound that dissociates into charged particles (other than hydrogen or hydroxyl ions) when dissolved in water. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Band of regular fibrous tissue that connects bones. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues; causes swelling. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thin, protective mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior surface of the eye itself. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammatory disease of the skin; infection of the sebaceous glands. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Receptors sensitive to various chemicals in solution. |
|
|
Term
| Sebaceous glands (oil glands) |
|
Definition
| Epidermal glands that produce an oily secretion called sebum. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Autonomic motor neuron that has its cell body in a peripheral ganglion and projects its axon to an effector. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chemical bond created by electron sharing between atoms. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Individual cells (unicellular glands) that produce mucus. |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
|
Definition
| Plasmalike fluid that fills the cavities of the CNS and surrounds the CNS externally; protects the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Balance; a state when opposite reactions or forces counteract each other exactly. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The 1st cervical vertebra; articulates with the occipital bone of the skull and the 2nd cervical vertebra (axis). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process in which molecules are formed, changed, or broken down. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Toward the attached end of a limb or the origin of a structure. |
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|
Term
| Midsagittal (median) section |
|
Definition
| Specific sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nerve that contains processes of sensory neurons and carries impulses to the CNS. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Neuroendocrine gland located beneath the brain that serves a variety of functions including regulation of gonads, thyroid, adrenal cortex, lactation, and water balance. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process during which the chromosomes are redistributed to two daughter nuclei; nuclear division. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Layer of skin deep to the epidermis; composed of dense irregular tissue. |
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|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
|
Definition
| Portion of the nervous system consisting of nerves and ganglia that lie outside of the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between two electron-hungry atoms. An important intramolecular bond. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Watery fluid in the anterior chambers of the eye. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The bones of the fingers and toes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Away from the attached end of a limb or the origin of a structure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A cell that produces melanin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Linear chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms (hydrocarbon chains) with an organic acid group at one end. A constituent of fat. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which unequal curvatures in different parts of the lens (or cornea) of the eye lead to blurred vision. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Discs of fibrocartilage between vertebrae. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to a position near the tail end of the long axis of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nonexcitable cells of neual tissue that support, protect, and insulate the neurons. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Outermost and toughest of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
|
Definition
| System of protection and support composed primarily of bone and cartilage. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Muscle that aids the action of a prime mover by effecting the same movement or by stabilizing joints across which the prime mover acts to prevent undesirable movements. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The one or two-letter symbol used to indicate an element; usually the first letter(s) of the element's name. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Toward the midline of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The structural and functional unit of living organisms; contains a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Muscle that reverses, or opposes, the action of another muscle. |
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Term
|
Definition
| System consisting of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs and tissues; drains excess tissue fluid from the extracellular space and provides a site for immune surveillance. |
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Term
|
Definition
| One of a limited number of unique varieties of matter that composes substances of all kinds; e.g., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Snail-shaped chamber of the bony labyrinth that houses the receptor for hearing (the organ of Corti). |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abundant and widely distributed chemical element essential to animal and plant life. |
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Term
|
Definition
| To move away from the midline of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A primary tissue; form and function vary extensively. Functions include support, storage, and protection. |
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Term
|
Definition
| One of the seven bones that form the ankle and heel. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Skin and its derivatives; provides the external protective covering of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
1. a groove or cleft
2. the deepest depressions or inward folds on the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal mass of proliferating cells; benign neoplasms remain localized; malignant neoplasms are cancers, which can spread to other organs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Long, whiplike extension of the plasma membrane of some bacteria and a sperm; propel the cell. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. a thin layer or flat plate
2. the portion of a vertebra between the transverse process and the spinous process. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An immovable fibrous joint; with one exception, all bones of the skull are united by sutures. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| System of protection and support composed primarily of bone and cartilage. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Anything that occupies space and has mass. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The partial crossover of fibers of the optic nerves. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Clear, watery fluid secreted by cells of a serous membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double-layered capsule composed of an outer fibrous capsule lined by synovial membrane; encloses the joint cavity of a synovial joint. |
|
|
Term
| Allergy (hypersensitivity) |
|
Definition
| Overzealous immune response to an otherwise harmless antigen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Paralysis of the lower limbs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Superficial layer of the skin; composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The response of a muscle to a single brief threshold stimulus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the front; anterior. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Layers of fibrous tissue covering and separating muscles. |
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|
Term
| Frontal (coronal) section |
|
Definition
| Longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| White, semiopaque connective tissue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Body system that includes internal organs that secrete hormones. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Lesion or erosion of the mucous membrane, such as a gastric ulcer of the stomach. |
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|
Term
| Synthesis (combination) reaction |
|
Definition
| A chemical reaction in which larger, more complex atoms or molecules are formed from simpler ones. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dark pigment formed by cells called melanocytes; imparts color to skin and hair. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chemical substances, such as salts, acids, and bases, that ionize and dissociate in water and are capable of conducting an electrical current. |
|
|
Term
| Basal nuclei (basal ganglia) |
|
Definition
| Gray matter areas located deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A group of similar cells (and their intercellular substance) specialized to perform a specific function; primary types of the body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The shriveling of a cell, for example an ethrocyte, resulting from loss of water. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction. |
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Term
|
Definition
| DIffusion of a solvent through a membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated one. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A mass of gray matter in the diencephalon of the brain. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Study of the function of living organisms. |
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|
Term
| Radiant (electromagnetic) energy |
|
Definition
| Energy form that travels in waves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The less numerous type of sweat gland; produces a secretion containing water, salts, proteins, and fatty acids. |
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|
Term
| Transverse (horizontal) section |
|
Definition
| A plane running from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A modified simple sugar (a sugar alcohol). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bend; usually refers to light. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Isotope that exhibits radioactive behavior. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Fatty insulating sheath that surrounds all but the smallest nerve fibers. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Membranes that form the linings of body cavities open to the exterior (digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A slightly movable joint. |
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|
Term
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) |
|
Definition
| Efferent division of the PNS that innervates cardiac and smooth muscles and glands; also called the involuntary or visceral motor system. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The outer projection of the spine of the scapula; the highest point of the shoulder. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The front of an organism, organ, or part; the ventral surface. |
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Term
|
Definition
| System primarily responsible for water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and removal of nitrogenous wastes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The energy directly involved in moving matter; e.g., in bicycle riding, the legs provide the mechanical energy that moves the pedals. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Double-layered capsule composed of an outer fibrous capsule lined by synovial membrane; encloses the joint cavity of a synovial joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which visual images are routinely focused behind the retina; commonly known as farsightedness. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chemical bond formed by electron transfer between atoms. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increased softening of the bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cuplike cavity on lateral surface of the hip bone that receives the femur. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Gray area of the CNS; contains cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers of neurons. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Neurons that conduct impulses away from the CNS. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Membrane that lines the capsule of a joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of spontaneous decay seen in some of the heavier isotopes, during which particles or energy is emitted from the atomic nucleus; results in the atom becoming more stable. |
|
|
Term
| Negative feedback mechanisms |
|
Definition
| The most common of homeostatic control mechanisms. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical reaction in which electrons and energy are gained by a molecule (often accompanied by a gain of hydrogen ions) or oxygen is lost. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The division of cytoplasm that occurs after the cell nucleus has divided. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extremely small tubular passage or channel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The chromosomes, X and Y, that determine genetic sex (XX=female; XY=male); the 23rd pair of chromosomes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity is present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nucleic acid that contains ribose and the bases A,G,C, and U. Carries out DNA's instructions for protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sense of head position in space with respect to gravity. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement that increases the angle of a joint, e.g., straightening a flexed knee. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bones joined by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity is present. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bony protective encasement of the brain and the organs of hearing and equilibrium; includes the facial bones. Also called the cranium. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Self-directed; self-regulating; independent. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Malleus, Incus, and Stapes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed of a number of individual bones called vertebrae and two composite bones (sacrum and coccyx). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fast-acting control system that triggers muscle contraction or gland secretion. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of a number of proliferative and degenerative changes in the arteries leading to their decreased activity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called Haversian system. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme in sweat, saliva and tears that is capable of destroying certain kinds of bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A local change in membrane potential that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus, declines with distance. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Somatic Nervous System (SNS) |
|
Definition
| Division of the PNS that provides the motor innervation of skeletal muscles; also called the voluntary nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any compound composed of atoms (some of which are carbon) held together by covalent (shared electron) bonds. |
|
|
Term
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
|
Definition
| Organic molecule that stores and releases chemical energy for use in body cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscle that immobilizes one or more bones, allowing other muscles to act from a stable base. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex substance containing carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen; composes 10% to 30% of cell mass. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pigmented, involuntary muscle that acts as the diaphragm of the eye, controlling the amount of light passing through the cornea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Literally, many sugars, a polymer of linked monosaccharides; e.g., starch, glycogen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations; the muscle(s) attached to the body's skeleton; voluntary muscle. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Below normal tone or tension. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fats and oils composed of fatty acids and glycerol; are the body's most concentrated source of energy fuel; also known as neutral fats. |
|
|
Term
| Exchange (displacement) reaction |
|
Definition
| Chemical reaction in which bonds are both made and broken; atoms become combined with different atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. a cell or nerve ending of a sensory neuron specialized to respond to particular types of stimuli.
2. Molecule that binds specifically with other molecules e.g., neurotransmitters, hormones, antigens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carrying away or away from, especially a nerve fiber that carries impulses away from the CNS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small cellular structures (ribosomes, mitochondria, and others) that perform specific metabolic functions for the cell as a whole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance capable of binding with hydrogen ions; a proton acceptor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of inherited muscle-destroying diseases. |
|
|
Term
| Bony thorax (thoracic cage) |
|
Definition
| Bones that form the framework of the thorax; includes sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Building block of nucleic acids; consists of a sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Principal blood sugar, a hexose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability to respond to a stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Engulfing of foreign solids by (phagocytic) cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Main carbohydrate stored in animal cells; a polysaccharide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the sense of hearing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Literally, one sugar; building block of carbohydrates; e.g., glucose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composite of two bones, scapula and clavicle, that attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton; also called the pectoral girdle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A part of the body formed of two or more tissues and adapted to carry out a specific function; e.g., the stomach. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition in which intraocular pressure increases to level that cause compression of the retina and optic nerve; results in blindness unless detected early. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The junction of two or more bones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Barlike bodies of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that releases hydrogen ions when in solution (compare with Base); a proton donor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy formed by the movement of charged particles across cell membranes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A furrow on the brain, less deep than a fissure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brain region most involved in producing smooth, coordinating skeletal muscle activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collectively the midbrain, pons, and medulla of the brain. |
|
|
Term
| Pectoral (shoulder) girdle |
|
Definition
| Bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton; includes the clavicle and scapula. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement that decreases the angle of the joint, e.g., bending the knee from a straight to an angled position. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Steriod found in animal fats as well as in most body tissues; made by the liver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of the eye to distinguish detail. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movable attachment of a muscle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The 12 nerve pairs that arise from the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nerve endings that, upon stimulation, release acetylcholine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Freely movable joint exhibiting a joint cavity; also called a diarthrosis. |
|
|
Term
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
|
Definition
| A nucleic acid found in all living cell; it carries the organism's hereditary information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inward rotation of the forearm causing the radius to cross diagonally over the ulna; palms face posteriorly; opposite of supination. |
|
|
Term
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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Definition
| Graphic record of the electrical activity of nerve cells in the brain. |
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Definition
| A self-propogating wave of depolarization; also called an action potential. |
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| A division of the ANS; also referred to as the craniosacral division. |
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Definition
| Carrying to or toward a center. |
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Definition
| To move toward the midline of the body. |
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| The posterior thigh muscles: the biceps femoris, semimembronosus, and semitendinosus. |
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Definition
| Elongated shaft of a long bone. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the groin region. |
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Definition
| Chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules or its constituent atoms. |
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Definition
| A condition in which visual images are focused in front of rather than on the retina; commonly called nearsightedness. |
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Definition
| An outward fold of the surface of the cerebral cortex. |
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Definition
| The bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum. |
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Definition
| Nonliving material that separates the living cells in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibers. |
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Definition
| A contractile protein of muscle. |
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Definition
1. A cell or nerve ending of a sensory neuron specialized to respond to particular types of stimuli.
2. Molecule that binds specifically with other molecules e.g., neurotransmitters, hormones, antigens. |
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Definition
| Reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use. |
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Definition
| Product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle. |
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Definition
| Chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings. |
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Definition
| Completes the pathway between afferent and efferent neurons. |
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Definition
| Autonomic motor neuron that has its cell body in the CNS and projects its axon to a peripheral ganglion. |
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Definition
| Weblike; specifically, the weblike middle layer of the three meninges. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Process by which a large molecule is synthesized by covalently bonding smaller molecules together. |
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Term
| Epithelium (epithelial tissue) |
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Definition
| Pertaining to a primary tissue that covers the body surface, lines its internal cavities, and forms glands. |
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Definition
| Filament that constitutes myofibrils. Of two types: actin and myosin. |
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Definition
| The capacity to do work; may be stored (potential energy) or in action (kinetic energy). |
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Definition
| Different atomic forms of the same element, vary only in the number of neutrons they contain; the heavier species tend to be radioactive. |
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Definition
1. Any bridgelike structure or part
2. The part of the brain stem connecting the medulla with the midbrain, providing linkage between upper and lower levels of the CNS. |
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Definition
| Fibrous membranes at the angles of cranial bones that accomodate brain growth in the fetus and infant. |
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Definition
| A group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function; e.g., the nervous system. |
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Definition
| Tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Specialized receptor cells that respond to light energy. |
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Definition
| Nerve fibers that release norepinephrine. |
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Definition
| Chemical released by neurons that may, upos binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them. |
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Definition
| Muscle consisting of cross-striated muscle fibers; includes cardiac and skeletal muscle. |
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Definition
| Opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye. |
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Definition
| A white, fatty lipid substance. |
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Definition
| Elimination of waste products from the body. |
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Definition
| The slender cavity of the midbrain that connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles; also called the aqueduct of Sylvius. |
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Definition
| One of the five bones of the palm of the hand. |
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Definition
| Automatic reaction to stimuli. |
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Definition
| Receptor sensitive to mechanical pressure such as touch, sound, or exerted by muscle contraction. |
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Definition
| An initiator of nerve impulses following receptor stimulation. |
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Definition
| The organ system consisting of the skeletal muscles of the body and their connective tissue attachments. |
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Definition
| One of the two types of photosensitive cells in the retina. |
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Definition
| A homogenous mixture of two or more components. |
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Definition
| Branching neuron process that serves as a receptive, or input, region; transmits that nerve impulse toward the cell body. |
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Definition
| Extracellular material consisting of a basal lamina secreted by epithelial cells and a reticular lamina secreted by underlying connective tissue cells. |
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Definition
| Oily secretion of sebaceous glands. |
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Definition
| Paralysis of all four extremities. |
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Definition
| The energy of motion or movement, e.g., the constant movement of atoms, or the push given to a swinging door that sets it into motion. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Membrane transport processes for which ATP is provided, e.g., solute pumping and endocytosis. |
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Definition
| A division of the ANS; opposes parasympathetic functions; called the fight-or-flight division. |
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Definition
| The three tiny bones serving as transmitters of vibrations and located within the middle ear. |
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Definition
| Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves. |
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Definition
| Literally, double sugar; e.g., sucrose, lactose. |
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Definition
| Mechanism that inhibits passage of materials from the blood into brain tissues; reflects relative impermeability of brain capillaries. |
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Definition
| An energy relationship holding atoms together; involves the interaction of electrons. |
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Definition
| The 31 nerve pairs that arise from the spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the sole of the foot. |
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Definition
1. Paired, inferiorly located heart chambers that function as the major blood pumps.
2. cavities in the brain. |
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Definition
| Turning toward a common point from different directions. |
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Definition
| Functional junction or point of close contact between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell. |
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Term
| Pelvic girdle (hip girdle) |
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Definition
| Consists of the paired coxal bones that attach the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. |
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Definition
| Organ, gland, or muscle capable of being activated by nerve endings. |
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Definition
| A sticky, thick fluid secreted by mucous glands and mucous membranes; keeps the free surface of membranes moist. |
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Definition
| A response that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus. |
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Definition
| Transparent anterior portion of the eyeball; part of the fibrous tunic. |
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Definition
| The symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution. |
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