Term
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Definition
| Region - “east meets west,” characteristics of eastern and western forests, western species realize their eastern-most extension, eastern species reach the western extent of their natural range |
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Term
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Definition
| Region - second only to Alaska in total forest land area, forest areas coincide with mountains or broken topography, two major mountain ranges: coastal range, sierra Nevada mountains, steep topography has often limited logging, a variety of climates from subtropical, to arid, to humid, maritime near pacific coast, cold mountains, hot in central valley (110°F), fogbelt is moist year-round, precipitation <2” to 60-80” |
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Term
| Region - Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwood |
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Definition
| Region - within southern coastal plain region, associated with Mississippi river and major river drainages, typically flat with slight variations in elevation, one to two feet may change species groups, high rainfall |
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Term
| Region - Coastal Plain Southern Pine |
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Definition
| Region - now some of the most intensively managed forest land in the world, especially industry land, 100 million acres of pine, most productive land in the country, ⅔ of the nation’s pulping capacity, relatively flat with some rolling terraces, humid, subtropical, frequent droughts |
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Term
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Definition
| Region - around the Great Lakes, considerable recreational use, a large variety of forest industries, many lakes and lowlands, lakes are a moderating influence on temperature and rainfall, drought stops the westward limit of trees |
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Term
| Region - Northern Rocky Mountain |
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Definition
| Region - largest unbroken areas of forest in the continental US, rough terrain, poor soils, high elevations, most forested land is in the mountains, terrain is typically rugged with little level land, western slopes in the north have coastal climate, lightning causes 70% of forest fires here |
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Term
| Region - Southern and Middle Rocky Mountain |
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Definition
| Region - 66% of land is range and pasture, 75% of commercial forest land is public, multiple use – timber (lumber), water quality management, grazing, recreation, 6000’ is average lower limit of trees – too dry below this, semi-arid in most parts, precipitation increases with elevation, snow is usual form of precipitation in winter months |
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Term
| Angiosperm - American basswood or linden |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - large tree with a long trunk, prolific sprouter – often results in clumps of trees, soft light wood, wood used for musical instruments, good honey – also called bee tree |
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Term
| Angiosperm - American elm |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - large tree with spreading habit, interlocked grain difficult to split, once planted widely along streets – fast growing, hardy, tolerant to stress, Dutch elm disease introduced in 1930s on logs from Europe, spread by native elm bark beetles |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - persistent sprouter |
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Term
| Angiosperm - California-laurel |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - broad-leaved evergreen tree, thick and leathery leaves, the most valued hardwood species in the western US, one of the most expensive woods in the US, beautifully grained wood |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - limited range – western gulf region, top of leaf is rough (like sand paper), bottom is smooth, planted as ornamental, disease and insect resistant, used for furniture, especially where stem bending is needed, birds eat seed – lots of seed in fall |
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Term
| Angiosperm - Cherrybark oak |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - was considered a variety of southern red oak, good form tree – better and larger than southern red oak, the “high value” red oak of the south, stronger and heavier wood than Q. falcata |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - small tree or shrub, 10-30’, occasionally 60’, grows vast underground structures from root sprouts called lignotubers, flourishes in full sun on hillshades with thin, rocky, alkaline soil with limited competition, drought tolerant, wildlife browse, acorns eaten by North Americans, larvae of Colorado hairstreak butterfly eat foliage |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - rapid-growing short-lived tree of the moist woods of the southeastern coastal plain, large crops of acorns are important food for wildlife |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - almost evergreen – persistent leaves, old leaves fall in spring (only a few weeks without leaves), valuable ornamental, can resist salt spray (thick cutinized leaves), mott – a group of trees with connected roots – disease moves through mott |
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Term
| Angiosperm - Pacific madrone |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - evergreen tree, widely distributed coastal tree (BC to California), excellent ornamental: glossy evergreen foliage, large clusters of small white flowers, orange-red fruits, showy, reddish peeling bark, small but dense wood like cherry |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - red flowers, fruit, leafstalks, and autumn foliage, greatest north south distribution of all tree species along the east coast, considered inferior by some because of poor form on poor sites but can have good growth and form, shade tree – brilliant fall color, highly desirable browse |
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Term
| Angiosperm - Red mulberry |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - tree’s value is derived from its abundant fruits, which are eaten by people and wildlife |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - leaves have a variety of shapes including mitten and chicken foot, spreads into farmland with root sprouts, root bark used for tea (tastes like root beer), oil is perfume base, orange-colored wood |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - one of the largest southern red oak, popular shade tree, and wood is mechanically superior to many other red oaks |
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Term
| Angiosperm - Slippery or red elm |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - inner bark has a slime once used as medicine, more resistant to Dutch elm disease – but still killed, same uses as American elm but wood is inferior |
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Term
| Angiosperm - Southern magnolia |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - large fragrant, white flowers, evergreen leaves, valuable ornamental, seeds eaten by wildlife, foliage used by florists, pharmaceuticals obtained from extracts of fruit, bark, and wood |
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Term
| Angiosperm - Southern red oak |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - common upland oak, two leaf forms – sun vs. shade |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - common bottomland species, found in pure stands, important in forestry, second only to oaks in amount cut (hardwoods) |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - considered a link between the chestnut and the oak, flowers like the chestnut and acorns like the oak, the Indians in California’s North Coast Range obtained one of their principal foods from this tree, sudden oak death – caused by Phytophthora ramorum |
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Term
| Angiosperm - Water hickory or bitter pecan |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - tallest of all the hickories, looks very similar to pecan, bitter and inedible nuts consumed by ducks and other wildlife, low wet flatlands, often submerged |
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Term
| Angiosperm - Water tupelo |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - large, long lived, aquatic tree with a swollen base, open crown with large shiny leaves 5-8” or more long, grows in swamps and low bottom lands along water, favored honey tree |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosperm - corky wings on twigs, prolific seeder – birds eat, used for furniture, crates, and hockey sticks because of spiral grain, doesn’t split |
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Term
| Angiosperm - Yellow-poplar or tulip-poplar |
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Definition
| Angiosperm - attractive and tall eastern hardwood, leaves are dark, 4-lobed, “tulip-shaped,” flowers: solitary and perfect, greenish-yellow, fruit: oblong-pointed aggregate of samaras |
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