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Definition
| Pine - oldest known living thing (4600+ years old), used for tree ring research, short needles in groups of five – held up to 40 years, no commercial value, often protrate, bristles |
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Definition
| Pine - small to medium tree with open, thin, irregular crown, long, stiff, shiny blue-green needles 8-12”, dry foothills and mountainsides in chaparral, oak woodlands, or forests with other pines, fir or incense-cedar, largest cones of any American pine (4-5lbs) |
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Definition
| Pine - tree with crooked, forking trunk and branches, large cones with strong points, needles more gray, sparse foliage helps it on dry sites, dry slopes and ridges in foothills and low mountains, can survive on as little as 10” precipitation a year |
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Definition
| Pine - most widely distributed pine in Canada, also in Lake States and Maine, grows farther north than any other American pine, poor self pruning – scraggy appearance, breeding area for Kirtland’s warbler, a rare and endangered species |
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Definition
| Pine - was once considered a variety of ponderosa pine, bark smells like pineapple or vanilla, grows on poor sites (including serpentine soils), chipmunks cache nearly all fallen seed within a day, birds and rodents are important players in the life-histories |
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Definition
| Pine - long-lived, slow grower – found 1650 year old tree, needles in fives (white pine), scattered through range at high elevations, large seed used by wildlife, Clark’s nutcracker and this pine depend upon each other |
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Definition
| Pine - most common southern pine, prized from commercial standpoint – many plantations, most widely used lumber and pulp tree in the south, southern pine beetle |
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Definition
| Pine - occurs over wide variety of sites, three varieties, Rocky Mountain-Intermountain variety often has serotinous cones, needs fire |
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Definition
| Pine - needles 8-18”, distinctive for its grass stage, which is one adaptation to fire, resistant bud is another, quick germination then grass stage for 2+ years, can have a 12” tap root, attacked by brown spot, 1985 <4 million acres out of original 60 million were left, most desirable habitat for red-cockaded woodpecker |
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Definition
| Pine - limited commercial value in US, poor form in US, most widely planted pine in the world, widely planted in NZ, Australia, S. Africa, Chile, rapid growth, good quality lumber |
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Definition
| Pine - grows at low elevations mixed with junipers, nuts are edible – most valuable product, “widespread mortality associated with several years of drought, a complex of drought, insects, and disease is responsible for [this species'] mortality rates approaching 100% in some areas while other areas have little or no mortality” |
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Definition
| Pine - found in swamps, wetlands and pocosins, pocasins and this pine's stands are a major wildlife sanctuary for many wetland species |
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Definition
| Pine - one of the more widely distributed western species, bark shows characteristic orange in cracks when wet, commercially important species – most important pine in western North America, two varieties: var scopulorum, Rocky Mountains, needles in 2s; var ponderosa, west coast, needles in 3s |
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Definition
| Pine - small native range, not native to Texas, replacing longleaf on many sites, one of the most frequently planted timber species in North America, used for naval stores, lumber, and pulp, very susceptible to fusiform rust |
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Term
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Definition
| Pine - name refers to sweet resin that exudes from heartwood, largest of the American pines, one of the most beautiful pines, “King of pines,” 80% in California, cones 10-21” long – hang down from long stalks, best quality wood of the pines, white pine blister rust (white pine) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pine - smallest range of any American pine, one of the rarest native conifers, only several thousand trees exist, only hard pine with five needles/fascicles, cones can remain on trees 15 years, slowly opening and dispersing seeds over a few years |
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Definition
| Pine - large to very large tree, most important commercial species in region, attains best growth in “inland empire,” white pine blister rust |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Atlantic whitecedar |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - found only in wetlands along Atlantic coast, decay resistant – used for poles |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Baldcypress |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - large deciduous conifer found along streams and swamps, has characteristic “knees,” does well on saturated/flooded soils but also does well as an ornamental, heartwood (not sapwood) is very decay resistant |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - California red fir |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - Shasta red fir is a variety in north California, valuable Christmas trees |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Colorado spruce |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - one of the most symmetrical trees in North America, needles silver-green to blue-green, highly prized ornamental in US and Europe – over 38 cultivars, not abundant |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Douglas-fir |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - false hemlock (also not a fir), valuable commercial species worldwide, greatest latitude range of any commercial conifer in North America, two varieties: var menziessi, pacific coast; var glauca, Rocky Mountains, widely utilized for lumber, distinctive cones – bracts looks like rat tails and feet |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Engelmann spruce |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - blue-green needle color, major element of high elevation, light wood with resonant qualities, used for instruments |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Giant sequoia |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - largest tree in the world – may weigh 6000 tons, diameter 20’+, 3200-3300 years, only in Sierra-Nevada Mountains, mostly protected (99% in national parks), lumber is no longer used, soft fibrous bark to 2’ thick protects against fire |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Grand fir |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - one of the tallest true firs |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Incense-cedar |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - attacked by fungus, limits commercial value, used for pencils (“pencil cedar”), heartwood decay resistant, distinctive duck bill cone |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Redwood |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - tallest trees in the world (368’), 10-15’ diameter or larger, to 2000 years old, much enlarged and buttressed at base, can regulate clonally as well as by seed, basal dormant buds on roots, when a tree dies, buds sprout, restricted to California fogbelt, valuable commercial species, decay resistant if mostly heartwood |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Rocky mountain juniper |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - lower border of trees to the north, in foothills with pinyons to the south, subalpine to semiarid, round, bluish berry-like cones, aromatic wood used for cedar chests, wildlife eat the berries |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Subalpine fir |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - high altitude species, often on exposed sites, smallest of the western firs, valuable for watershed protection, wildlife habitat, recreation, spire-like crown |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Western hemlock |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - largest hemlock, one of the most common trees in the PMW (major timber species), requires soil and atmospheric moisture, drooping leader, used for lumber and pulp (one of the best), source of alpha cellulose |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Western larch |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - largest of the North American larches and one of the most important species of the inland empire, deciduous needles crowded in a cluster on spur twigs, highly fire resistant when mature, source of arabinogalactan |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - Western redcedar |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - large to very large tree, buttressed at base, largest is 21’ in diameter, second only to Giant Sequoia, only thuja in western North America, one of the four most important timber species in the PMW, durable wood, used for shingles, shakes, pencils, fence posts, outdoor, patio construction, boats, oils, totem poles |
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Term
| Non-pine conifer - White fir |
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Definition
| Non-pine conifer - two varieties (California and Rocky Mountain), high mountain tree |
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