Term
| What is etiology? What is the etiology of periodontal disease? |
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Definition
| the cause of disease, bacteria is the etiology of perio |
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Term
| How many bacterial strain are found in plaque? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Most bacteria are innocuous, what does this mean? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does pathogenic mean? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| harmful, how harmful a bacteria is |
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Term
| What types of bacteria live in the oral cavity? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How long has bacteria existed? |
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Definition
| longer than any other organism |
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Term
| What is the most abundant type of cell? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Do bacteria reproduce quickly? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Do bacteria have the ability to adapt to changes in their environment? |
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Definition
| yes, they adapt rapidly to changes in environment |
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Term
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Definition
| how bacteria communicates |
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Term
| What is the cell membrane? What is it's purpose? |
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Definition
| the cell membrane is a tough protective layer housing bacteria, it helps to maintain the shape of bacteria |
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Term
| Why is the composition of the cell membrane important? |
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Definition
| it is important in identifying and classifying bacteria |
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Term
| What is the gram staining technique used for? |
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Definition
| used to classify bacteria |
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Term
| What kind of membrane do gram positive bacteria have? |
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Definition
| a single, thick cell membrane |
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Term
| What is gram positive bacteria associated with? |
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Definition
| healthy periodontal bacterial flora |
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Term
| What color do gram positive bacteria stain with crystal violet dye? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What kind of membrane do gram negative bacteria have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does gram negative bacteria play an important role in? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What color does gram negative bacteria stain? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| almost everywhere, they are capable of surviving environments where other life forms do not |
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Term
| Where are bacteria always present? |
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Definition
| on our skin, in out digestive tract, and in our respiratory tract |
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Term
| What do aerobic bacteria require to live? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is free-floating bacteria called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does "attached bacteria" attach to? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| organized group of bacteria |
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Term
| What happens to a bacteria after it attaches to a surface? |
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Definition
| it takes on different characteristics than that of free-floating |
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Term
| How much of bacteria lives as attached bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| well organized community of bacteria that adheres to surfaces |
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Term
| What are the communities of bacteria in biofilms embedded in? |
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Definition
| an extracellular slime layer |
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Term
| Is a biofilm composed of only one type of bacteria? |
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Definition
| no, composed of many types of bacteria as well as other organisms and debris |
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Term
| How quickly do biofilms form? Where can they form? |
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Definition
| form rapidly on almost any wet surface |
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Term
| Do biofilms only exist in our bodies? |
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Definition
| no they exist everywhere in nature |
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Term
| Where do biofilms thrive? (2) |
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Definition
| in dental unit water and suction lines (bacteria sticks to tubing) |
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Term
| What does the extracellular slime layer do? |
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Definition
| protects bacteria from physical and chemical destruction |
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Term
| What are some everyday examples o bioflims? |
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Definition
-slime on fish tanks
-slime that clogs sink drain
-slimy rocks in a stream
-plaque bioilm on teeth |
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Term
| Where can some medically significant biofilms be found? |
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Definition
-medical and dental implants
-contact lens cases
-pacemakers
-artificial joints
-teeth
-restorations and dental appliances |
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Term
| What is an example of a disease caused by plaque biofilm in water? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many died from this in 1976? How did it happen? |
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Definition
| killed 29 people, caused by bacterial biofilm in the hotels air conditioning system |
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Term
| BLANK% of disease may be biofilm induced. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are some examples of diseases that are biofilm induced? |
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Definition
-TB
-cystic fibrosis
-subacute bacterial endocarditis
-PERIODONTAL DISEASE |
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Term
| How do bacteria live and thrive in biofilms? |
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Definition
| they are not distributed evenly, they cluster together to make mushroom shaped microcolonies |
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Term
| Each microcolony is a what? |
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Definition
| independent community containing thousands of compatible bacteria |
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Term
| What are the three major stages in lifestyle for biofilm? |
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Definition
1.Attachment
2.Growth
3.Detachment |
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Term
| What happens in stage one of the biofilm life cycle? |
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Definition
| the bacteria attach to a surface |
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Term
| What happens in stage two? |
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Definition
| bacteria attract other free floating bacteria to the biofilm |
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Term
| What do attached bacteria secrete in stage 2/the growth stage? |
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Definition
| attached bacteria secrete a film-extracellular slime layer that acts as a protective shield |
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Term
| What shape do the bacteria grow in during the second/growth stage? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the third stage of the biofilm life cycle? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What happens in the detachment stage? |
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Definition
| clumps of bacteria break off, carried away by the fluid surrounding biofilm |
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Term
| What do these detached clumps end up doing? |
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Definition
| attaching to new surfaces to form new bacterial colonies |
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Term
| How many phases of plaque biofilm development are there? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are these 5 phases of plaque biofilm development? |
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Definition
1.film coating
2.binding of single organisms
3.multiplication
4.continue growth
5.mature biofilm |
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Term
|
Definition
| the extracellular slime layer |
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Term
| What is phase 1 called? How quickly does it occur? |
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Definition
| called film coating, occurs minutes after professional cleaning |
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Term
| What is the film coating in phase 1 called? What is it made of? |
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Definition
-called the acquired pellicle
-made of salivary glycoproteins(mucins) and antibodies |
|
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Term
| Is the pellicle in phase 1 thick? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the purpose of the acquired pellicle? What does it end up doing? |
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Definition
-function is to protect enamel from acids
-ends up causing changes on tooth surface that makes it easy for bacteria to attach |
|
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Term
| What does the pellicle act as? |
|
Definition
| double sided tape, this allows bacteria to attach to it |
|
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Term
| What is phase 2 called? When does it begin? |
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Definition
-called initial attachment to pellicle
-occurs within hours after pellicle formation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| hair-like structures that allow bacteria to attach rapidly upon contact |
|
|
Term
| What is phase 3 called? What happens? |
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Definition
-called multiplication phase
-bacteria produce substances that stimulate other free floating bacteria to join the community |
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What stimulates phase 4a? |
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Definition
| attachment of bacteria to the tooth surface stimulates bacteria to secrete extracellular slime layer |
|
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Term
| What does the extracellular slime layer made in phase 4a do? |
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Definition
-helps to anchor bacteria to the tooth surface and provides bacteria protection
-protects bacteria against antibodies, antimicrobials, and body's immune system |
|
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Term
| What penetrates the extracellular slime layer in phase 4a? |
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Definition
| fluid channels that penetrate the extracellular slime layer |
|
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Term
| What do these fluid channels in phase 4a do? |
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Definition
-carry oxygen and nutrients to bacteria
-remove bacterial waste |
|
|
Term
| What do these fluid channels contain? |
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Definition
| everything from saliva to any beverages consumed |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in phase 4b(microcolony formation)? |
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Definition
-bacteria proliferate and begin to grow away from tooth surface
-bacterial blooms |
|
|
Term
| What are bacterial blooms? |
|
Definition
| periods when specific species or groups of species grow at an accelerated rate |
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Term
|
Definition
| mature dental plaque biofilm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial clusters form mushroom-shaped microcolonies that attach to the tooth surface at a narrow basse |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| complex collections of different bacteria linked to one another |
|
|
Term
| How do bacterial microcolonies communicate? |
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Definition
| using chemical or electrical signals, this communication can result in transfer of genes among bacteria |
|
|
Term
| How many different types of bacteria are capable of colonizing in the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many bacteria can be cultured from one health sulcus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the bacteria found in a healthy mouth are gram positive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shape are gram positive bacteria? |
|
Definition
| facilitative rods and cocci |
|
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Term
| What does nonmotile mean? What type of bacteria are mostly nonmotile? |
|
Definition
-not capable of movement
-most gram positive/bacteria associated with health |
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|
Term
| How many bacteria may be cultured from an individual site with gingivitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is bacteria in chronic gingivitis gram negative or positive? |
|
Definition
| almost equal gram positive and negative |
|
|
Term
| How much of the bacteria found in gingivitis are gram negative? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the bacteria found in gingivitis are gram negative rods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is there a lot of bacteria found in periodontitis? How many? |
|
Definition
yes, an enormous amount
-100,000-100,000,000 bacteria from an individual tooth surface |
|
|
Term
| What type of bacteria is associated with chronic periodontitis? |
|
Definition
| gram negative and motile bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What shape and kind of bacteria is the most common in periodontitis? |
|
Definition
| anaerobic gram negative rods |
|
|
Term
| Is the bacterial composition the same in each patient and from site to site in the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many different types of bacteria are found in isolated from periodontal pockets? |
|
Definition
| over 500 different species |
|
|
Term
| How much out of the 500 different species found in periodontal pockets are periodontal pathogens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three bacteria designated as periodontal pathogens? |
|
Definition
1.Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)
2.Tannerella forsythia (Tf)
3.Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) |
|
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Term
| Which of these three bacteria is the most common and is knowns as Mr.Perio? |
|
Definition
| Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) |
|
|
Term
| What is Aa bacterial associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is aggressive perio seen? (which teeth, age group) |
|
Definition
-seen in 1st molars and incisors
-generally seen in young people |
|
|
Term
| What is Aa capable of evading? What can it destroy? |
|
Definition
-capable of evading normal host immune response
-can destroy gingival connective tissues and alveolar bone |
|
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Term
| Typically, what shape is Aa and what color does it stain? |
|
Definition
| typically rod shaped, stains pink/red |
|
|
Term
| What is the former name for Tf? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most significant risk factor that distinguishes those with perio from those of health |
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria is the most common species detected in or on epilthelial cells recovered from perio pockets? |
|
Definition
| Tannerella forsythia (Tf) |
|
|
Term
| Who is low numbers of Pg or Mr.Perio found in? |
|
Definition
| people in health or with gingivitis |
|
|
Term
| Is Pg found more in aggressive or chronic perio? |
|
Definition
| aggressive, generally seen in disease sites that are worsening |
|
|
Term
| What can Pg bacteria inhibit? |
|
Definition
| migration of PMN's across the eepilthelial barrier |
|
|
Term
| Is perio just found with Aa, Tf, and Pg? |
|
Definition
| no, there are multiple bacterial species in periodontal infections |
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