SHARPES

Sensation

-Skin is full of nerve endings which are sensitive

to heat, cold, pain and pressure.

-skin sends brain info regarding outside stimulation

and what we are feeling.

SHARPES

Heat and Temp Regulation

- done by the hypothalamus as protective measure.

-sweat glands & blood vessels play major role in stabilizing temp.

-skin feels hot =skin vasodialates to excrete sweat and cool skin

-skin feels cold= it vasoconstricts to retain warmth

SHARPES

Absorption

-Skin resists absorbing most chemicals.

-skin absorbs Vitamin D from sun

-absorbs essential oils and certain medications.

SHARPES

Respiration

-small amount of oxygen & other gases enter

and exit body thru skin

-respiration is a secondary function of human skin

SHARPES

Protection

Skin protects against :

Mechanical- cuts & scrapes

Chemical-drugs, pollution, chemicals

Physical- ability to produce melanin to protect from sun damage

Microbial-skin is acidic to protect from microbes.

SHARPES

Excretion

 -skin is body's largest organ of elimination

rids body of toxins & waste  thru sweat.

SHARPES

Secretion

-sebaceous glands secrete sebum onto surface of skin which conditions and moisturizes skin. keeps it soft & pliable

Sebum + Sweat + Atmospheric Moisture = HLF

Sebum has bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and fungicidal qualities.

*COVERS

*AKA: Stratified epithelium

*In constant state of renewal

*Avascular meaning NO blood flow

* Fed by blood & lymph in dermis.

*Made up of 6 layers (GMGCHS) Gentlemen Meet Girls Crack Houses Sweet

* CONNECTS

*True skin

*Seat of most important metabolic functions

*Vascular

*2 Layers: Papillary 1/5 & Reticular 4/5

Germinative Layer

( STRATUM GERMINATIVUM )

-Cells are alive, (daughter cells) full of water & contain nucleus

-Constant state of Mitosis

-Find melanocytes here (Cells producing melanin)

-Dehydro cholesterol chemical changes UV light to Vit. D/

Vit D. absorbed here 

Malphigian Layer

( STRATUM SPINOSUM )

- contains desmozomes (prickle cells) connected by thin fibers.

-combines with the germinative to make the basal layer

-largest layer within epidermis

-immune cells (Langerhan cells) here

GRANULAR LAYER

( STRATUM GRANULOSUM )

-cells loosing H2O, flattening out, waxy cells

-Keratin infiltrates cells due to keratahyalin.

(keratahyalin is protein)

-Nucleus gone & cells beginning to firmly cement together.

Clear Layer

( STRATUM LUCIDUM )

- Very thick and only found on palms of hand/ soles of feet.

-clear, transparent

-pads & protects

HORNY LAYER

(STRATUM CORNEUM)

-Layer where estheticians hang out.

-Cells are infiltrated by keratin, devoid of fluid, nucleus,

and firmly cemented together.

-Protects against TEWL

-Healthy skin has more lipid horny layer,

moisturizers mimic this layer

SQUAMOUS

(STRATUM DYSJUNCTUM)

** THIS LAYERS IS NOT ON THE STATE EXAM**

-Dead skin cells ready to be sloughed off.

-Cells dehydrated, devoid of nucleus

-blocks skin, thick layer causes symptoms of dehydration

1. Papillary (1/5)- Strong network of fibers made up of fibroblasts

2. Reticular (4/5)- Collagenous fibers and elastin fibers

physical - UV rays, heat , radiation

chemical- skin products, environmental toxins, drugs

mechanical- poking, cuts, abrasions, cushions

microbial- germs and microbes

-Exfoliation (mechanical, chemical, or manual)

-Vitamin A

-Folic Acid

-age

-illness

-poor diet. digestion

-certain medications

-hormone/menopause

-improper skincare regimen

-stress

1.Hair shaft- hair above the surface

2.Apecture/Osteum/Follicular Orfice-Opening to

the sebaceous follicle

3.Sebaceous Gland-Produces and secrets oil into follicular canal 4.Long Tube- Outside portion of the shaft

5.Papilla- Food source for hair

6.Arrector Pilli Muscle- Helps pump sebum to skin's surface

It's Microbial

Hydrates skin

combines with sweat & atmospheric moisture = HLF

1. APPOCRINE: exits to hair follicle

alkaline pH,   triggered by hormones @ puberty

responsible for odor, found in groin & Underarms

2. ECCRINE: exits to skin's surface

acidic in pH

found all over body,most common

regulates temp w/ sweat

* Hormones

* Nervous Disorders

* Warm Climates

* Medications

* Seborrhea Sicca & Oleosa are skin types with excessive oil/sebum production*

Homeostatsis of skin

- The ability of the skin to return to a normal pH within 24 hrs despite being altered internally or externally.

What is the function of the

ACID MANTLE/ HYDRO-LIPID FILM ?

It provides protection from bacteria due to the acidic pH. It -Hydrates, softens

-prevents TEWL trans epidermal water loss.

1. Imbibition of the Stratum Corneum

2. Horny Assimilation

3. Transcutaneous Absorption

Define IMBIBITION OF THE STRATUM CORNEUM

and give examples

-temporary plumping of cells

-swelling of horny layer through high water content products -light weight water based products(o/W)

that don't go very deep

  Examples: Steam, Lucas,

Multifruit hydration gel, cucumber cleanser

Describe HORNY ASSIMILATION

& give examples

- interaction between skin cells(corneocytes)

&  cosmetic products like with Self tanners

-surrounds & interacts with the cells

- deeper penetration than Imbibition

-heavier more lipid moisturizers

Examples: Sensitive Beauty pm; moor balm; massage oils

Skin is topically more acidic but as

go deeper within the epidermis layers it changes to alkaline

& creates an impermeable barrier to minimize TEWL & protect

against chemical absorption

3 types of Cutaneous Fats

( Permeability & Absorption)

1. Fats from KERATINIZATION=

HYDROPHOBIC FATS/water repelling

2. Fats from PERSPIRATION=prevents TEWL, creates lubrication

HYDROPHILLIC FATS/ water loving & attracting

3. Fats from SEBUM = (sebum+atmospheric moisture+sweat=HLF)

HYDROPHILLIC FATS/ water loving & attracting

Skin is stripped, No HLF

TEWL happens

Can lead to alipidic or reactive skin

TERMINOLOGY:

SKIN PORE

TERMINOLOGY:

HORNY CELL

 "kerationcytes" ( cell in the keratinization process )

  AKA "corneocytes" ( cells in the stratum corneum, horny layer)

TERMINOLOGY:

MELANOCYTE

TERMINOLOGY:

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

-Bacterial infection of the skin

-Often occurs in childeren

-Characterized by clusters of small blisters

or custy lesions filled with bacteria

-typically around nose  & mouth.

-HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

1. Wear gloves when extracting, waxing, or microderm

2. Don't Double dip

3. When you or client are sick wear a mask during facial

4. Disenfect all imlements with proper disenfectant

5. All Linens should be washed with bleach.

6. Wash & Sanitize hands often

7.  Discard blood & contaminated disposable implements in a proper bio hazard container.

1. Break in the skin

2. Mouth

3. Nose

4. Eyes or Ears

5. Unprotected Sex

1. Healthy unbroken skin = 1st line of defense against

bacterial invasion.

2. Antibodies= bacteria enters the body & is tagged so the body remembers and sends soldiers to "fight" it.

Infection occurs when body doensnt have sufficient exposure to create antibodies & fight.

3. Immunity= body has produced antibodies against bacteria.

1. LOCAL= infection in 1 spot or area

2. GENERAL = infection has spread throughout the body

1. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY = vaccinations or exposure to bacteria

2. NATURAL IMMUNITY = body is born with the ability to fight certain bacteria.

1. STERILIZATION = highest level of deconatamination

completely removes & destroys all microorganisms & bacteria.

2. DISENFECTION= kills most microorganisms, but NOT bacterial spores. Must be EPA registered. Kills HIV & Hepatitus.

3. SANITATION = temporary destruction of bacteria.

Safe for use on skin,  Kills certain amount of bacteria.

Short lived

More severe onset

long duration

milder

re-occuring

Silvery Scales over course red patches

chronic

not contagious

unknown origins

open lesion on skin

loss of depth

Ringworm

fungal infection

CONTAGIOUS

Small elevation or blister on skin containing fluid. 

Herpes or Dermatitis

Overgrowth of the horny layer

Example:  caulous on hand or feet

spontaneous new growth of tissue

forming an abnormal mass

varying in size, shape, and color.

Any substance that causes the manifestation

of an  allergic reaction