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Exam 1
Week's 1-3
148
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 3
01/31/2011

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Racep Erdogan
Definition
Prime Minister of Turkey
Term
Bashir Assad
Definition
Current leader of Syria
Term
Haffez Assad
Definition
Former Ba'athist leader of Syria crushed the Muslim Brotherhood
Term
Moamar Qadaffi
Definition
Leader of Libya
Term
Anwar Sadat
Definition
Leader of Egypt after Nasser signed Camp David Peace Accords, assassinated by militants for seeking peace with Israel
Term
Hoshi Mubarak
Definition
Current president of Eygpt
Term
Gamel Nasser
Definition
Leader of Free Officers, first president of Eygpt
Term
Avraham Stern
Definition
Broke from Irgun Zvai Leumi, led Stern Gang
Term
Manachim Begin
Definition
Israeli Prime Minister, signed camp David Peace Accords, former member of the Irgun Zvai  Leumi
Term
King Hussein
Definition
Leader of Jordan during the Six Day War, Black September, and Yom Kippur War
Term
King Abdullah
Definition
Current king of Jordan
Term
Turkey al Saud
Definition
Head of Saudi intelligence during the Soviet-Afghan War
Term
King Aziz
Definition
Founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Term
Saddam Hussein
Definition
Ba'athist leader of Iraq, led during Persian Gulf War (Iran-Iraq War) Desert Storm, and Operation Iraqi Freedom (Cobra II), captured by American forces and executed by the Iraqi government
Term
Tariq Aziz
Definition
Member of Saddam Hussein's inner click- rose through Ba'athist trade ranks- last position was Deputy Prime Minister, Finance Minister, captured by American forces
Term
Mamoud Ahmadinejad 
Definition
Current leader of Iran
Term
Ayatollah Sistani
Definition
Quietest Shi'ite leader in southern Iraq- originally from Iran, returned to Iraq from Detroit after the fall of Saddam Hussein
Term
Maqtada al Sadr
Definition
Shi'ite leader of the Mahdi Army in Southern Iraq
Term
Hassan Fadallah
Definition
Spiritual leader of Hezbollah
Term
Hassan Nasrallah
Definition
Political leader of Hezbollah
Term
Ayatollah Khomeini
Definition
Current religious leader of Iran
Term
Ayatollah Khomeni
Definition
led 1978-79 Iranian Revolution, purged revolutionary forces, set up theocracy in Iran
Term
Hamed Karzi
Definition
Leader of Afghanistan
Term
Mustafa Kamel
Definition
Kamel Ataturk- military founder of modern Turkey
Term
Osma bin Laden
Definition
Leader of al Qaeda
Term
Ayman al Zawahiri
Definition
Intellectual leader of al Qaeda- bin Laden's so called Number 2
Term
Saif al Adel
Definition
Former head of al Qaeda's military council- currently in hiding in Iran
Term
Mohhamed Atta
Definition
9/11 Leader and Pilot
Term
Zaid Jarrah
Definition
9/11 pilot- stopped by Maryland State Police just before 9/11 for speeding
Term
Abu Musab al Zarqawi
Definition
Leader of al Qaeda in Iraq, killed in an ambush by US forces
Term
Yasser Arafat
Definition
Founder of the PLO and Fatah
Term
George Habash
Definition
Lebanese Christian, broke from Fatah, founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Term
Walid Jumblat
Definition
Broke from the Habash, founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command
Term
Sabri al Banna
Definition
Abu Nidal, founder and leader of the Abu Nidal Organization
Term
Mahmoud Abbas
Definition
Prime Minister of the Palestine Authority
Term
Sayyid Qutb
Definition
Eygptian military philosopher author of "milestones"
Term
Maulana Mawdudi
Definition
Jihadist intellectual of Central Asia
Term
Glubadin Hekmatyar
Definition
Mujahadeen leader, Afghanistan
Term
Mullah Omar
Definition
Exiled leader of the Taliban
Term
Northern Alliance
Definition
Majuhadeen militia responsible for the fall of the Taliban
Term
Afghan Mujahadeen
Definition
Holy warriors during and following the Soviet-Afghan War
Term
Fatah
Definition
Military wing of the PLO
Term
PFLP
Definition

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

broke from Fatah

Term
PFLP-GC
Definition

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command

broke from the PFLP

Term
Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades
Definition
Fatah's military wing from the al Aqsa Intifada, uses suicide bombings
Term
Force 17
Definition
Fatah's paramilitary security force
Term
Salafi Call and Combat
Definition
Algerian Jihadist Group
Term
al Qaeda in Iraq
Definition

Jihadist Iraqi insurgents

aka al Qaeda in Mesopotamia

Term
Ansar al Islam
Definition
Kurdish jihadist group in Iraq
Term
PKK
Definition

Kurdisk Worker Party

Wants a socialist Kurdistan

Term
GIA
Definition

Algerian Islamic Group

headquartered in Italy after military crackdown

Term
EIJ
Definition

Eygptian Islamic Jihad

Led by Ayman al Zawahiri 

Term
al Gama al Islamiyya
Definition
The Islamic group (Eygpt) rival group to the EIJ
Term
PIJ
Definition

Palestininian Islamic Jihad

Sunni Group originating in Eygpt

Term
Hamas
Definition
Sunni group from first Intifada seeks an Islamic state with the elimination of Israel
Term
Hezbollah
Definition
Shia group from 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon- backed by Iran
Term
Taliban
Definition
The Students, Islamic group that ruled Afghanistan by defeating warring  mujahadeen militias in 1996- fell from power October 2001
Term
Jamaat Islamiyya
Definition
Indonesian jihadist group organized in a traditional heirarchy
Term
Muslim Brotherhood
Definition
An organization founded by Hassan al Banna designed to recapture the spirit and religious purity during the period of Mohammed and the four Rightly Guided caliphs.  The Brotherhood seeks  to create a single Muslim nation through education and religious reform.  A militant wing founded by Sayyid Qutb sought the same objective through violence.  Hamas has rejected the multinational approach in favor of creating a Muslim Palestine wing of the Muslim Brotherhood.
Term
IDF
Definition
Israeli Defense Forces- Israel's army navy and air force
Term
Mohammed
Definition
The Prophet, Muslims believed he received the final prophecy
Term
Ali ibn Talib
Definition
(Circa 599-661) The son of Mohammed's uncle Abu Talib and married to Mohammed's oldest daughter Fatima.  Ali was Mohammed's male heir because he had no surviving sons.  The followers of Ali are known as Shiites.  Most Shiites believe that Mohammed gave a sermon while perched on a saddle, naming Ali the heir to Islam.  Differing types of Shiites accept authority from diverse lines of Ali's heirs.  Sunni Muslims believe Ali is the fourth and last Rightly Guided caliph.  Both Sunnis and Shiites believe Ali tried to return Islam to the purity of Mohammed's leadership in Medina
Term
Fatima
Definition
Oldest daughter of Mohammed and Khadijah, married Ali
Term
Khadijah
Definition
Mohammed's first wife
Term
Aisha
Definition
Mohammed's favorite wife, reviled by Shias and blamed for inspiringthe murder of Ali
Term
Muawiya
Definition
Govenor of Damascusm, solidified Ummayad Empire
Term
Yazid
Definition
Son of Muawiya, dispatched troops to destroy Hussein andShi'ites at Karbala
Term
Abu Bakr
Definition

First Caliph

(circa 573-634) Also known as Abu Bakr as Saddiq, the first caliph selected by the Islamic community (umma) after Mohammed's death in 632.  Sunnis believe Abu Bakr is the rightful heir to  Mohammed's leadership, and they regard him as the first of the Rishidun, or Rightly Guided caliphs.  He led military expeditions expanding Muslim influence to the north of Mecca.

Term
Umar
Definition
Second Caliph
(circa 580-644) Also known as Umar ibn al Khattab, the second  Rightly Guided Caliph, according to Sunnis.  Under his leadership the Arab empire expanded into Persia, the southern part of the Byzantine empire, and Egypt.  His army conquered Jerusalem in 637
Term
Uthman
Definition

Third Caliph

(circa 580-656) Also known as Uthman ibn Affan, the third Rightly Guided caliph, according to Sunnis.  He conquered most of the remaining parts of North Africa, Iran, Cyprus, and the Caucasia region.  He was assassinated by his own soldiers for alleged nepotism.

Term
Caliph
Definition
Leader of the Umma (Muslim community)
Term
Ulema
Definition
Muslim Scholars
Term
Fiqh
Definition
Interpretation of Islamic law
Term
Sufi
Definition
Islamic Mystics
Term
Sunni
Definition
Followers of the community elected by Mohammed's companions.
Term
Shia
Definition
Followers of Mohammed's male heir.
Term
According to Flynn, the United State has simultaneously prepared to fight overseas and protect the home front.
Definition
False
Term
American terrorist groups have the same impact as the foreign counterparts
Definition
False
Term
Hamas was formed in December 1987, at the beginning of the second Intifada.
Definition
False
Term

The best current model for homeland security is the air industry

 

Definition
True
Term
Leaders of Igrun studied the tactics of Marighella
Definition
False
Term
Terrorism in the horn will remain a problem due to porous borders, lax security, and political instability
Definition
True
Term
The religious situation in Indonesia provided a climate for growth of Jihadist groups.
Definition
False
Term
Americans will be better prepared to secure the homeland if they have engaged in a nationwide discussion of defense in depth and its impact on civil liberties after an attack.
Definition
False
Term
Pakistan is not as much of a modern country as it is a modern series of tribal confederations
Definition
True
Term
Hezbollah international often works in conjunction with organized crime, drug trafficking, and other terrorist.
Definition
True
Term
Many police departments have not prepared for terrorism
Definition
True
Term
Jewish groups have also been involved in terrorist violence, and some of them have direct links to the United States
Definition
True
Term
Max Weber coined the term bureaucracy
Definition
True
Term
Arafat merged the Fatah into the PIJ in 1964
Definition
False
Term
Most Uighar terrorism is not part of the Jihadist movement
Definition
True
Term
Al Qaeda was born in the last stages of the Afghan-Soviet War
Definition
True
Term
The American borders are vulnerable
Definition
True
Term
Osama bin Laden was the driving force behind another terrorist group in Egypt, the Egypt Islamic Jihad (EIJ)
Definition
False
Term
Thailand is experiencing a rebellion in its southern provinces
Definition
True
Term
Hezbollah is not part of the Jihadist network
Definition
False
Term
The al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades have a strong centralized structure
Definition
False
Term
The Sixth Amendment ensures that suspect cannot lose their right except by the due process of law
Definition
False
Term
Increased border protection will not protect America from Terrorism
Definition
True
Term
State and local officers are rewarded for thinking in terms of international issues and national security
Definition
False
Term
There are always tradeoffs when considering security
Definition
True
Term
Unlike Israel's excellent tactical record, it counterterrorism policies have stirred international controversy 
Definition
True
Term
Different Islamic scholars (ulema) interpret jihad the same way 
Definition
False
Term
Left-wing terrorism lost its base when student activism  began to disappear from American academic life.
Definition
True
Term
September 11, 2001 was the opening shot in bin Laden's war against the United States and an international campaign
Definition
False
Term
The Middle East is a geographical, social, and historical concept
Definition
True
Term
The factor seperating the average criminal from the average terrorist is support
Definition
False
Term
The Tamil experience was similar to the situation in Kashmir
Definition
False
Term
Christian Idenity is based on the premise that God is white.
Definition
True
Term
Many state and local police executives trust the FBI
Definition
False
Term
The federal government undertook massive reforms and reorganizations  from 2002 to 2005, in wake of 9/11
Definition
True
Term
Lewis Katz says the real test of the Fourth Amendment  is reasonableness
Definition
True
Term
Not all bureaucracies can be militarized
Definition
False
Term
Mainstream Muslims following the caliph were conventionally called Sunnis, while the followers of Ali became known as Shiite
Definition
True
Term
Ethnic violence can be traced to the founding of teh modern state of Israel
Definition
True
Term
Jihadist organizations took root in the United States during the Soviet-Afghan  War
Definition
True
Term
Iranians are Arabs
Definition
False
Term
Weber argued that bureaucracies should be designed to accomplish specific purposes
Definition
True
Term
Khomeini used a mixture of repressive tactics and political strategies to consolidate his power in Iran, and he is best understood within the Shi'ite tradition of Islam.
Definition
True
Term
Title VI of the Safe Streets Act mandates judicial review of police surveillance
Definition
False
Term
Peurto Rican support come primarily from Cuba
Definition
True
Term
The GIA followed the Qutb philosophy that no believer was really Muslim unless he or she accepted Qutb's narrow theological path
Definition
True
Term
Hezbollah formed in Lebanon after the Iranian Revolution
Definition
True
Term
In Africa, it is difficult to single out terrorism because of the violence associated with conventional and guerilla wars, several revolutions, and crime.
Definition
True
Term
The IACP has traditionally favored the civil role of policing over the militristic approach
Definition
True
Term
The trade-off between security and freedom is a new phenomenon.
Definition
False
Term
The displace Baathists, the Iraqis who want the United States out of the country and the Jihadist who have come to Iraq all share a common vision of the future of Iraq
Definition
False
Term
The October 1973 Yom Kippur, or Ramadan war caused a shift in the structure of Middle Eastern terrorism
Definition
True
Term
Muslims believe that Mohammed was given the direct revelation of God through Jesus
Definition
False
Term
The U.S. Constitution seperates the power of the three branches of government, executive, legislative, and judicial
Definition
True
Term
The Uighars are fighting for independence from Pakistan
Definition
False
Term
Edward Abbey has a hate-filled ideologue like William Pierce
Definition
False
Term
At the 1988 Olympic games, al Qaeda struck the olympic village and took most of the Israeli olympic team hostage, killing those who tried to escape
Definition
False
Term
Palestinian Islamic Jihad emerged from Egypt
Definition
True
Term
The GIA was connected to the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
Definition
False
Term
Left-wing terrorism is dominated by a belief in conspiracy and conspiracy theories
Definition
False
Term
Title II of the USA Patriot Act contains a sunset clause
Definition
True
Term
By 2007, al Qaeda was trying to reestablish some kind of leadership structure in Pakistan along the Afghan border, but al Qaeda's strength came not from its ability to command but its inspirational ability to motivate
Definition
True
Term
Ariel Sharon was the founder and leader of the PLO
Definition
False
Term
Qutb believed that the Islamic world descended into darkness after the death of Mohammed
Definition
True
Term
Suicide bombing became the most important tactic of all the Palestinian terrorist groups at the beginning of al Aqsa intifada
Definition
True
Term
Strict Muslims who follow the practices of Wahhab argue that they are trying to rid the religion of superstition and return it to the state envisioned by Mohammed and his first followers
Definition
True
Term
Militant Muslims embrace the reforming doctrines of Wahhab and Salafiyya and the Muslim Brotherhood
Definition
True
Term
As the new Russian Federation formed after the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union, the Russians wanted to continue to control their possessions in Central Asia
Definition
False
Term
In the United States, the lead agent for counterterrorism is the CIA
Definition
False
Term
Hate crimes are manifestation of terrorism
Definition
False
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