1. Tissue
2. System
3. Atomic
4. Cellular
5. Organism
6. Molecular
7. Organelle
8. Organ

Which is not a true statement about codons:

a) Codons specify a particular amino acid during DNA translation

b) Condons can be observed on the cellular level

c) three nucleotides are referred to as codon

True or False

During protein synthesis, DNA is carried outside of the nucleus by mRNA. It goes into the cytoplasm where it is translated by tRNA

Which is not one of the nuclear bases of DNA

1. adenine
2. lycine
3. thymine
4. guanine
5. cytosine

During protein synthesis___ replaces thymine:

1. adenine
2. lycine
3. uricil
4. guanine

In humans, mitosis produces:

1. four daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each
2. two daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each
3. two daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each
4. four daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each

What is/are biological anthropology's major theoretical interests?

1. How we came to exist as a biological and biocultural species
2. why our bodies are built the way they are and why we behave the way we do
3. humankind's place in the natural world
4. d. the origins of religion, spirituality and mysticism
5. only answers a,b,c correctly represent the major theoretical interests

Adaptation is:

1. Biological or bheavioral responses of organisms to the environment.
2. measured by an organisms capability to make positive anatomical or physiological changes after short-or long term exposure to a stressful environmental conditions
3. both statements are true
4. both statements are false

Which is a true statement regarding the relationship between adaptation and human variation?

1. the relationship between the phenotypes (the expressed genotype) and the genotype (the genetic "blueprint") influences human variation
2. alterations in phenotype from the genotype suggest the action of intervening genetic or environmental (or combination gene-environmental) factor(s)
3. functional genomics is one area of study devoted to studies of genotype-pheotype correspondence
4. all of the above are true

If both parents are silent carriers of the gene PKU, what is the probability of the offspring of those parents also being a silent carrier?

1. 0%
2. 25%
3. 50%
4. 100%

There is a direction to evolution that has ultimately led to human perfection. All adaptations that have occured in the past are beneficial to humans.

True or False

If over 100 years ago, Don Francisco Felix deSouza was known as the King of Slavery in Ouidah, Bening. deSouza was a Portuguese national from Brazil who supervised the expulsion of hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans out of Ouidah (a port on the West African Atlantic coast) to the Western Hemisphere. As the King of Portugal's personal emissar to maintain Portugal's investment in the transatlantic slave trade, deSouza remained in Ouidah for much of his adult life. He became extremely rich from the sale of Africans and while residing in West Africa he fathered, with hundreds of African women, 99 sons, and an unkown number of daughters. Today, 2,000 of his direct descendants now live in Ouidah (currently a town of about 40,000 individuals) and many more are indirectly related to him. Genes derived from deSouza are disproportionately represented among the town's residents. What is this an example of?

1. Environmental variation
2. homeoplasy
3. mosaic evolution
4. founder effect
5. pleiotrophism

The Hardy-Weinberg principle of constancy of allele and genotype frequencies in a population is a powerful model for explaining phenotypes for given traits. Which of the following assumptions is not required in regards to the evolutionary forces that could change the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

1. Mating is random
2. migration is neglible
3. Natural selection does not affect the gene under consideration
4. pouplation size is small

In what kind of population will genetic drift have the greatest effect?

1. small population
2. large population
3. panmictic populatin
4. heterogenous population

Stabilizing/balancing selection:

1. preserves current gene frequencies
2. operates by selection for genetic diversity
3. depends on a changing environment
4. none of these

In the film "Race: the Power of an Illusion" it was suggested that human genetic variation could best be described through the lens of :

1. diet
2. physiology
3. local geography
4. nutrition

Theories on Migration out of Africa

African replacement

Theories of migration out of Africa

Multiregional evolution

Theories of Migrations out of Africa

Admixture Model

it is possible that global warming is causing an increase in all of the following except

1. Asthma
2. Allergies
3. Mosquito borne disease
4. Cardiovascular disease

Which is the original African mtDNA haplotype from which the world's haplotypes evolved

1. M1
2. C2
3. L0
4. G2

True/False

In the last period of global warming, mammals and the primates thrived which led to their survival and global dominance. Currently small animals and insects (like the birsd, squirrels and mosquitoes) tend to have large population sizes and short generation times. Large population size means that the species is more likely to have the genetic variation necessary for evolution, and having a short generation time means that their rate of evolutionary change may be able to keep pace with environmental change. All tehse facors may result in their ultimate survival during a period of global warming

In an attempt to re-establish the Bearded Vulture Population back into the wild, several biologists from Frankfurt Zoological Society created an introduction program. They have released many of the captive bearded vultures and a good number of them have survived. A problem with this program was proposed, stating that the population size of the captive birds [120] is not nearly large enough to provide the genetic variability crucial to the survival of these birds.

Somatic cells reproduce by ______, while sex cells reproduced by ______. Human gametes normally have ____ chromosomes.

1. Meiosis, Mitosis 23
2. Mitosis, Meiosis 23
3. Meiosis, Mitosis, 46
4. Mitosis, Meiosis, 46

Directional Selection is

1. One factor that calls evolution into question
2. Said to occur when natural selection is moving a population in one direction
3. Thought to occur only when there is strong selective pressure on a population
4. ASsociated with a constant environment.

What is the importance of studying mtDNA

1. Tracing the origins of human populations
2. Researching disease resistance
3. Studying mutation rates
4. All of the above

Human trait variation include variation in

1. anatomical features such as skin color
2. biochemical traits
3. genetic disease
4. all of these

A photograph of all the chromosomes present in the nucleus during mitosis is called

1. phenotype
2. karyotype
3. genotype
4. holotype
5. prototype

Which is NOT an example of genetic mutation

1. point mutation
2. conversion
3. translocation
4. inversion
5. deletion

Which of the following forms of locomotion best describes the gibbon

a.    brachiation

brachiation

How the Order Primates are Classified Taxonomically

Traditional: Promsimians and Anthropoids

Alternative: Strepsirhini and Haplorhini

Traditional: Promsimians and Anthropoids

Alternative: Strepsirhini and Haplorhini

Suborder

Infraorder

Superfamily

Family

Subfamily

Genus

Species

Taxonomy of the HIgher Primates

Kingdom: Animalia

Subkingdom: Metazoa

Phyla: Chordata

Subphyla: Vertebrata

Class: Mammalia

Subclass: Eutheria

Order: Primates

Suborder: Strepsirhini or Haplorhini

Superfamily: Hominoidea

Taxonomy of the HIgher Primates

Kingdom: Animalia

Subkingdom: Metazoa

Phyla: Chordata

Subphyla: Vertebrata

Class: Mammalia

Subclass: Eutheria

Order: Primates

Suborder: Strepsirhini or Haplorhini

Superfamily: Hominoidea

Anthropologists study primates to better understand

a.    the roots of human primates
b.    the fossil record
c.    their adaptations and social lives
d.    all of these

Primate are difficult to study because

a.    they live in inaccessible places
b.    they may occupy the top of trees
c.    many are rare
d.    all of these

13.  Grooming

a.    only occurs among kin and never between friends
b.    is an act of aggression when done among adult females
c.    is only done as necessary for hygienic purposes
d.    none of these