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| Crime rates have significantly declined since 1993 |
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| refers to any system by which some members of society act in an organized manner to promote adherence to the law by discovering and punishing persons who violate the rules and norms governing that society. |
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| a tribunal presided over by a judge, judges, or a magistrate in civil and criminal cases: |
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| a kind of deliberative assembly with the power to pass, amend, and repeal laws. |
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| a variety of functions typically carried out by government agencies, and involving the punishment, treatment, and supervision of persons who have been convicted of crimes. |
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| the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation |
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| a bill of indictment found by a grand jury to be supported by sufficient evidence to justify the hearing of a case. |
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| a formal notice of abandonment by a plaintiff or prosecutor of all or part of a suit or action. |
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| a formal reading of a criminal complaint in the presence of the defendant to inform the defendant of the charges against him or her |
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| is a proceeding, after a criminal complaint has been filed by the prosecutor, to determine whether there is enough evidence to require a trial |
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| the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes on condition that a sum of money be lodged to guarantee their appearance in court |
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| an arrangement between a prosecutor and a defendant whereby the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in the expectation of leniency. |
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| is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. |
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| the law is controlled by the rich and powerful who shape it's content to ensure the continued economic domination of society. The criminal justice system is an instrument of social and economic repression |
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| the majority of citizens in a society share common ideals and work toward the common good. Crimes are acts that are outlawed because they conflict with the rules of the majority and are harmful to society |
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| Interactionist View of Crime |
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| Criminal laws reflect the values of people who use their social and political power to shape the legal system. |
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| are official data on crime in the United States, published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation |
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| National Crime Victimization Survey |
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| is a national survey of approximately 49,000 [1] to 77,400 [2] households twice a year in the United States, on the frequency of crime victimization, as well as characteristics and consequences of victimization |
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| (National Incident Based Reporting System) is an incident-based reporting system used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records management systems. |
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| sometimes called the external element or the objective element of a crime, is the Latin term for the "guilty act" which, when proved beyond a reasonable doubt in combination with the mens rea, "guilty mind", produces criminal liability |
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| liability that does not depend on actual negligence or intent to harm. |
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| is a Latin phrase meaning wrong or evil in itself. The phrase is used to refer to conduct assessed as sinful or inherently wrong by nature, independent of regulations governing the conduct. |
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| the legal principle of determining points in litigation according to precedent. is a legal principle by which judges are obliged to respect the precedent established by prior decisions. |
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| In criminal trials, the insanity defense is where the defendant claims they are not responsible for their actions due to mental health problems |
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| The Durham Rule or "product test" was adopted by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1954, in the case of Durham v. U.S. (214 F.2d 862)[1], and states that "... an accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act was the product of mental disease or defect" |
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| rules or criteria for judging criminal responsibility where there is a question of insanity. |
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| is conduct by a law enforcement agent inducing a person to commit an offense that the person would otherwise have been unlikely to commit |
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| is a procedural defence that forbids a defendant from being tried again on the same (or similar) charges following a legitimate acquittal or conviction. |
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| threats, violence, constraints, or other action brought to bear on someone to do something against their will or better judgment |
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| necessity may be either a possible justification or an exculpation for breaking the law. |
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| Consent refers to the provision of approval or agreement, particularly and especially after thoughtful consideration |
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| part of the Bill of Rights, prohibiting unreasonable searches and seizures. |
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| protects against abuse of government authority in a legal procedure. right to remain silent |
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| right to a speedy and public trial |
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| prohibiting the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishments |
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| makes the Bill of rights Applicable to the states |
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