Term
| parts of the digestive tract-5 |
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Definition
| mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines |
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Term
| acessory organs to GI tract-5 |
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Definition
| teeth, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gall bladder |
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Term
what organ breaks down carbs?
how? |
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Definition
salivary glands
water + hemolase |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular contractions to push food to esphagus |
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Term
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Definition
| transport food to stomach |
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Term
exocrine pancreas does-
the endocrine does- |
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Definition
mkae bicarb to neutralize stomach acid
insulin, glucaphage, somatostatin |
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Term
purpose of small intestine
why is it good at this? |
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Definition
aborsption
has a lot of capillaries |
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Term
| where does most decomtamination take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| purpose of the large intestine-2 |
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Definition
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Term
what are the projecitons on plica called
what is its purpose |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the purpose of plica |
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Definition
| to slow down movement of food for more absorption |
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Term
if muscles are segmenetted what type of muscle are they?
what part of the GI has this? |
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Definition
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Term
| what two muscle types are invovled in the GI and how do they work |
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Definition
longitudinal- elongate
circular- then contract to force food thru |
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Term
| what anatomy part contaisn all of the GI |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the body's first line of defense against infection |
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Definition
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Term
salivary glands are controlled by?
what does that mean? |
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Definition
autonomic nervous sytem
no control over it |
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Term
if the parasympathetic system activates the salivary glands what is the saliva like that is produced?
what about if symapthetic? |
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Definition
large amounts of diluted and watery
small volume, very conc of enzymes-> dry mouth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| where is food stored in the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the area fo the stomach called where food is moved to become more soluble |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
what is produced to protect lining of stomach from acid?
what cells make it? and where at?
what occurs if there isnt enough prodcued? |
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Definition
mucus
Mucous cells; gastric pit
ulcer |
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Term
what cells produce HCL?
what do they also produce? |
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Definition
parietal cells
intrinsic factor |
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Term
| what cells secrete pepsinogen? |
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Definition
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Term
which cells produce hormones?
what are examples? |
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Definition
enteroendocrine
G cells, alpha cells, D cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
what do D cells produce?
what about A cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is secreted by gastric glands for fat digestion |
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Definition
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Term
what enzyme is needed for acid secretion
-what exchange does it invovle? |
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Definition
carbonic anyhdrase
HCL/Bicarb |
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Term
| what is function of hydrochloric acid?-4 |
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Definition
lowers pH
kills microrganisms
breaks down connective tissue in food
activates chief cells |
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Term
| what two thigns inhibit acid secretion |
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Definition
somtatostatin
prostaglandins (PGE2) |
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Term
gastrin activates what cells
what do these then release
and what does this stimulate? |
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Definition
ECL (enterochromaffin)
histmaine
parietal cells to produce HCL |
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Term
| where does most of the digesiotn and absoprtion of the small intestine take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| where are nutrients and B12 absorbed int he small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the vestigeal organ of the GI tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| can the large intestine absorb any nutrients? |
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Definition
| yes, it has some cappilaries too! |
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Term
how long does it take food to reach cecum?
and then to reach the rectum?
so what part ofthe GI takes longesT? |
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Definition
4-9 hours
12-25 hrs
large intestine |
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Term
how muhc chyme enters large intestine per day
how muhc water is loss in feces? |
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Definition
500-1500 mL
200 mL (hence shows it does a lot of absrobing water) |
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