Term
| How do we prepare a horse for distal limb radiographs? |
|
Definition
| -shoe should be removed and the foot cleaned and pakced |
|
|
Term
| In which types of horses is ossificaiton of collateral cartilage usually found? |
|
Definition
| -draft breeds and warmbloods |
|
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Term
| What radiographic findings ssociated with collateral cartilages? |
|
Definition
-edge of ossified collateral cartilage extends beyond the proximal margin of the navicular bone
-often asymmetirc and have multiple centers of ossification
-fractures are not common |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -poorly defined complex that refers to non-specific inflammation and resorption of P3 (changes may be permanent) |
|
|
Term
| What radiographic findings are often seen with pedal osteitis? |
|
Definition
-irregularity of the solar margin
-enlargemetn of vascular channels
-decreased opacity of dital phalanx along solar margin
-discrete circular lucent regions in the palmar processes |
|
|
Term
| What causes septic pedal osteitis? |
|
Definition
| puncture wound or sole abscess |
|
|
Term
| What radiographic findings are associated with pedal osteitis? |
|
Definition
-discrete areas of osseous lysis
-irregular margin
-decreased opacity
gas within the soft tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation and separation of laminae |
|
|
Term
| What radiogrpahic findings associated with laminits? |
|
Definition
-dorsal hoof wall thickening
-separation of dermal and epidermal lamina
-rotation of P3
-lucent line |
|
|
Term
| At what point does rotation become indicative of laminitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 60 degrees DP view is used to evaluate what? |
|
Definition
| -synovial invaginations, wings of navicular bone, attachment sites of the impar ligament and collateral ligaments |
|
|
Term
| What do we use the flexor skylien view of the equien distal limb to evaluate? |
|
Definition
| -used to evaluate the flexor surface, corticomedullary distinction, and number of synovial invaginations |
|
|
Term
| What is navicular syndrome? |
|
Definition
| -clinical condition causing progressive forelimb lameness which is not permanently alleviated by rest or corrective shoe |
|
|
Term
| What radiographic findings are suggested to be associated with navicular syndrome? |
|
Definition
-proximal border: enthesophytes, modeling
-distal border: widened synovial invaginations, small osseous fragments
-flexor cortex: cortical erosions, mineralization of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT)
-medullary cavity changes: cysts, sclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -interphalangeal jt OA of the PIP jt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -interphalangeal jt OA at the DIP jt |
|
|
Term
| Interphalangeal OA is secondary to what? What major clinical signs is associated with it? |
|
Definition
-secondary to chronic repetitive trauma, fracture, infection, or OC
-causes mile to severe lameness |
|
|
Term
| What radiographic findings are associated with interphalangeal jt OA? |
|
Definition
-joint space collapse (usually worse on media aspect)
-sclerosis/erosion of subchondral bone
-osteophytes/ enthesophytes
-periosteal bone production
-joint distention |
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