The only non-deviant form of dealing with strain.

A conformist accepts both the conventional goals of society and the conventional means to obtain them.

ex. Athlete practices hard to be good.

Innovation

An innovator accepts the goals of society but rejects the socially approved means and thus opts for deviance to attain these goals.

Ex. Organized Crime drug dealing.

A ritualist has not interest in the conventional goals of society, yet goes through the motions by following the prescribed rules and behaviors. By rejecting the conventional goals the ritualist is deviant.

Ex. Cautious Bureaucrat who follows rules but looses sight of goals.

Retreatist reject both the means and the goals of society but does not replace them with anything that the society regards as worthwhile.

Ex. Hermits or chemcically dependent people.

Also called "Social Control Theory" or "Deterance Theory"

-The Key to understanding deviance is not to focus on why people commit deviant acts but rather to understand why people conform to conventional norms, values, and laws. Instead of "Why do you do it" it's "Why don't they?"

 Answer: Social Bonds that connect individuals to their family, friends, community, and society.

Interpersonal attachments-Involvement: Strong Relationships= acceptance of norms, values, laws. Same is true for opposite.

Commitment-Belief: Committment to nondeviant activity=less deviance

The Upper Class: These families are extraordinarily wealthy, and dominate the economic system of the US

The lower-upper class: Only difference is their name and ties aren't established fully because they are "New Money"

The Upper-Middle Class: Professionals who work hard for their money and have little influence.

The Lower-middle-class: difference=less edu. 

The Upper-Lower-Class: Work hard but have a hard time saving money

The lower-lower-class: Can't earn enough and chronically poor.

Most common among the younger not the elders and the women in single-parent households than it is for womenin 2 parent households.

Culture of Poverty refers to the set of norms and values that helps the poor to adapt to their situation.

The poor spend their money right away because of their lack of faith in the future they want instant gratification. The believe that things will not improve leads them to discount the value of edu. and ignore work ethic. They also teach their children to conform to this and so the cycle continues.

Societal resources consist of two types: necessities (such as food and shelter) and surplus (resources above and beyond the necessities, or luxuries).

With necessities people will share what they have as long as it is in their best interest to do so.

With surpluses people do not benefit from sharing them so they are free to acquire as much as possible and in turn gaining power. 

The Main function of ethnic and racial inequality is to ensure that unpleasant but important work gets done.

Ex. Garbage Men

Def: Those who teach gender roles and identities.

-Living Space

-Play

-Dress

-School

-Advertising

Living Space

Certain toys encourage children to play different roles.

Through cops and robbers boys learn shooting, fighting and aggressive behavior.

Through dolls and playing house girls learn to work out family relationships, shop and put away groceries, wash dishes, change diapers, and domestic tasks.

Parents won't supply toys of the opposite sex to their children.

Boys' clothes are blue or dark color as not to show dirt. Girls' are pastel shades that are difficult to clean.Dresses make it difficult to crawl thus discouraging physical activity.

Traditional literature depicts girls as passive, supporting or minor characters, with traditional feminine occupations and in domestic roles whereas boys are portrayed as active, central characters, with a wide range of occupations.

Literature, Interaction in classroom.

Has a particularly strong impact on gender socialization.

-Men are portrayed as powerful, with many interests and diverse occupations.

-Women are portrayed as dates, mothers, or occasionally as businesspeople, but always very concerned about their appearance.

Patriarchy

Def: "Male Dominance" more specifically how it is ingrained in the way society is organized.

Language: Ex. Derogatory language, forms of address, first name vs. last name, sports commentators, and changing of last name.

Interaction: Ex. Men walking or dominating arm rests, and conversations, don't ask questions (don't care what women think), selling cars, and norms of politeness.

Women have always worked today it's just not the lower class that does so. But women are funneled into occupational niches that are neither highly paid nor highly regarded and even within those niches they occupy the lower positions.

Second Shift: Even after working full time women are still responsible for the children.

-No where on average does a woman earn higher than a man.

1. Sexism: Women are best suited for service, nurturing, or housekeeping; men for high-level decision making, authority, and production.

2. Lack of Qualification: Men have more education and do not take time off for child care=mens ablitity to advance.

3. The Glass Ceiling: Subtle & unconscious discrimination that prevents women from attaining higher positions

4. Networking: Recreational sites that women are discouraged from participating in.