Term
|
Definition
| Common in high stress states causing vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Excess blood in dilated superficial capillary
Expected w/ fever, inflammation & emotional reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lack of O
Signifies decreased perfusion & hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Indicating rising amounts of bilirubin in blood
Occurs w/ hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle cell, transfusion reaction & hemolytic disease of newborn |
|
|
Term
| Technique to effectively test skin temp |
|
Definition
| Use dorsal side of hand and test bilaterally. Normal for extremities to be cooler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Patchy destruction of melanin
Both light & dark skin: white patchy milk spots |
|
|
Term
| Increased serum bilirubin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Retained urochrome pigments in blood
Light skin: orange-green or gray
Dark skin: normal, rely on lab tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Central circulatory problems such as shock & may be induced for surgery or high fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Peripheral artery insufficiency & Raynaud's disease
Common in an immobilized extremity like in a cast or IV infusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased metabolic rate (fever, increased exercise)
Local hyperthermia can occur in trauma, infection or sun burn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Profuse perspiration accompanied by increased metabolic rate
Occurs w/ heavy exercise, fever, thyrotoxicosis, anxiety & pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Excessive water loss from that occurs when water loss exceeds water gain
Mucous membrane & lips look parched & cracked. Skin becomes dry & cracked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pressure leaves dent in skin
Most evident on feet, ankles, & sacral areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deep pitting, indentation remains for short period, area looks swollen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, area very swollem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Skin should return to normal contour w/i 3 seconds; if not, decreased turgor
Adult: forearm or sternal area
Infant: loosely adherent abdominal skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skins ease of rising when testing for turgor |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics to look for when assessing lesions or skin discoloration |
|
Definition
Any exudate - color & odor
Color
Elevation
Pattern/shape
Size (cm)
Location & distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Color change, flat & circumscribed, less than 1 cm
Freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles & fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Something you can feel caused by thickening of epidermis
Elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend deeper than papule
Xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Larger than a few cm, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign or malignant
Lipoma, hemangioma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Superficial, raised, transient, & erythematous; slightly irregular shaped from edema
Mosquito bite, allergic reaction, demorgraphism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Encapsulated fluid filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin
Sebaceous cyst (wen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm. Clear serum flows if wall is interrupted
Blister, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, contact dermatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Turbid fluid (pus) in cavity. Circumscribed & elevated
Acne, impetigo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Changes color from light to dark or white to pale pink.
changes shape & size
Develops irregular, swollen ridges
Peels, heals, & peels again
Forms ulcer in center & doesn't heal
Suddenly reappears
Spreads to other areas of body or presence of exudate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation usually present at birth. Usually normal
6 or more larger than 1.5 cm diameter are diagnostic neurofibromatosis, an inherited neurocutaneous disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common variation of hyperpigmentation present in 90% blacks, 80% Asians & American Indians, 9% whites, also common among Hispanics.
Due to deep dermal melanocytes & usually fade w/i 1st yr. Be careful not to mistake for bruises/abuse
Blue-black to purple at sacrum, buttocks, abdomen, thighs, shoulders, arms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bluish color around lips, hands & fingernails, and feet & toenails in infants.
May last few hours & go away w/ warming.
Persistent generalized cyanosis indicates distress such as cynotic congenital heart disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tiny white papules (look like tiny white moles) on face that occludes opening of follicles.
Tell parents not to squeeze lesions; may resolve spontaneously w/i few weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flat, irregularly shaped red or pink patch found most commonly at back of neck (nuchal area) but may also appear on forehead, eyelid or upper lip.
Present at birth, usually fades during 1st yr.
Port wine stain, strawberry mark (immature hemangioma), cavernous hemangioma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most common in adolescents
Open comedones (blackheads)
Closed comedones (whiteheads)
Severe includes pustules, nodules, & papules
Peak 14-16 females; 16-19 males
May occur as low as 7-9 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irregular brown patch of pigmentation on face. May occur while preggo or taking oral contraceptives. Goes away after birth or cessation of oral contraceptives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brownish-black line down midline present in preggos. Change in hormone levels results in increased pigmentation of areolae, nipples, vulva, midline, & face (chloasma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Jagged, linear "stretch marks" of silver to pink color that appears in 2nd trimester on abdomen, breasts, & sometimes thighs
Occur in 50% of all pregnancies; fade after birth but don't go away |
|
|
Term
| Senile lentigines (liver spots) |
|
Definition
Small, flat, brown macules that appear on forearms & dorsa of hands. These circumscribed areas are clusters of melanocytes that appear after extensive sun exposure (elderly).
Not malignant - require no treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common in elderly. Raised, thickened areas of pigmentation that look crusted, scaly, & warty.
Seborrheic keratosis looks dark, greasy & "stuck on"
Develop mostly on trunk, but also face & hands. Do not become cancerous |
|
|
Term
| Actinic (senile or solar) keratosis |
|
Definition
Less common. Red-tan scaly plaques that increase over yrs to become raised & roughened. May have silvery-white scale adherent to plaque. Directly related to sun exposure
Premalignant, may develop into squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spinal accessory nerve
Innervates sternomastiod & trapezuis muscle in neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior auricular (mastoid) lymph node |
|
Definition
| Superficial to mastiod process, posterior to ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Midlin, behind tip of mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Halfway between the angle & tip of mandible |
|
|
Term
| Jugulodigastric lymph node |
|
Definition
| Under the angle of mandible |
|
|
Term
| Superficial cervical lymph node |
|
Definition
| Overlying sternomastoid muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deep under sternomastoid muscle |
|
|
Term
| Posterior cervical lymph node |
|
Definition
In posterior triangle along edge of trapezius muscle
Drainage below nodes |
|
|
Term
| Supraclavicular lymph node |
|
Definition
Just above & behind clavicle, at sternomastoid muscle
Drainage below nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Triangle shaped
Closes in 1-2 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diamond shaped
Closes in 9 months to 2 yrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clenching or grinding teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
