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Exam 2
Chapters 19 - 23
100
Art History
Undergraduate 2
04/10/2014
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Term
The first commission of ________ was the giant baldacchino above the main altar in Saint Peter's, Rome.
 Definition
Gianlorenzo Bernini
Term
In his book Spiritual Exercises, ________ argued that the re-creation of spiritual experiences in artworks would help increase devotion and piety.
 Definition
Saint Ignatius Loyola
Term
Who emphasized the three-dimensional effect with deeply recessed niches on the façade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome?
 Definition
Francesco Borromini
Term
The ________ resisted Protestant objections to using images in religious worship and insisted on their necessity for teaching the laity.
 Definition
Council of Trent
Term
________ became court portraitist to Philip IV of Spain.
 Definition
Velásquez
Term
Pope ________ began the lengthy campaign to reestablish the Church's prominence by rebuilding Rome.
 Definition
Sixtus V
Term
Spanish Baroque artists demonstrated their commitment to the Counter-Reformation through their frequent scenes of ________, which were intended to encourage devotion and piety.
 Definition
martyrdom
Term
Like the Il Gesù, ________ was prominent in Counter Reformation Rome.
 Definition
Sant'Ignazio
Term
The cultural production of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries in the West is often described as ________.
 Definition
Baroque
Term
The Counter-Reformation was launched in the ________.
 Definition
Sixteenth century
Term
As Caravaggio's style of painting became quite popular, who was one of the followers of his style?
 Definition
Artemesia Gentileschi
Term
The baldacchino features numerous bees that were the symbol of the ________.
 Definition
Barberini family
Term
Paul V commissioned ________ to complete Saint Peter's in Rome
 Definition
Carlo Maderno
Term
The Surrender of Breda commemorates the ________victory over the Dutch
 Definition
Spanish
Term
Velásquez included himself in which of his famous portraits?
 Definition
Las Meninas
Term
The Treaty of Westphalia, 1648, formally recognized ________.
 Definition
the principle of religious freedom
Term
The composition of Reni's Aurora uses what as its source?
 Definition
Roman reliefs
Term
Caravaggio's use of dark settings to envelop the characters in the painting has been called ________.
 Definition
tenebrism
Term
Artemisia Gentileschi was instructed by ________.
 Definition
Orazio Gentileschi
Term
The Scala Regia connects the papal apartments to ________.
 Definition
Saint Peter's
Term
The preeminent French art patron of the seventeenth century was ________.
 Definition
Louis XIV
Term
The art of ________ is that of a committed Christian who desired to interpret biblical narratives in human terms.
 Definition
Rembrandt van Rijn
Term
________ was one of Frans Hals' pupils who went on to a successful, independent painting career.
 Definition
Judith Leyster
Term
Aside from his work as an artist, ________ was also an innkeeper and art dealer
 Definition
Jan Vermeer
Term
Who is credited with ultimately being responsible for establishing classical painting as an important ingredient of seventeenth-century French art?
 Definition
Nicolas Poussin
Term
A painting of inanimate objects artfully arranged is called a ________.
 Definition
still-life
Term
The Thirty Years' War concluded in 1648 with the ________.
 Definition
Treaty of Westphalia
Term
________ was a leading portrait painter in Haarlem and is known for his lively, relaxed portraits.
 Definition
Frans Hals
Term
Which graphic media was more manageable than engraving?
 Definition
etching
Term
________ was a leading practitioner of floral painting in the Dutch Republic
 Definition
Rachel Ruysch
Term
Marie de'Medici commissioned ________ to memorialize her career and that of her late husband, Henry IV of France
 Definition
Peter Paul Rubens
Term
By the seventeenth century European societies began to coordinate their ________ more systematically
 Definition
long-distance trade
Term
________ became court portraitist to Charles I of England
 Definition
Anthony Van Dyck
Term
Aside from genre paintings and portraits, ________ scenes were extremely popular in seventeenth-century Dutch art.
 Definition
landscape
Term
________ combined the contributions of the Italian Renaissance and Baroque masters to formulate the first pan-European painting style.
 Definition
Peter Paul Rubens
Term
________ harmonized Palladian, French, and Italian Baroque architectural styles in his design of Saint Paul's Cathedral.
 Definition
Christopher Wren
Term
The establishment of the________ in 1609 eventually became the center of European transfer banking
 Definition
Bank of Amsterdam
Term
In the Protestant Dutch Republic art was mainly commissioned by ________
 Definition
merchant patrons
Term
The fundamental conflicts underlying the Thirty Years' War was ongoing friction between the ________ and _______
 Definition
Catholics, Protestants
Term
The Treaty of Westphalia, 1648, marked the abandonment of the idea of a united Christian Europe and accepted the practical realities of ________.
 Definition
secular political systems
Term
Who was the leading French Neoclassical sculptor of the late eighteenth century?
 Definition
Jean-Antoine Houdon
Term
The sentimental narrative became the specialty of ________
 Definition
Jean-Baptist Greuze
Term
Greenough sculpted ________ in the Neoclassical style by portraying him seminude and enthroned, liked Phidias' lost statue of Zeus
 Definition
George Washington
Term
Who translated satire into the visual arts?
 Definition
William Hogarth
Term
Chiswick House is a free variation on the work of ________.
 Definition
Andrea Palladio
Term
Credited as the first art historian, ________ published Reflections on the Imitation of Greek Works in Painting and Sculpture and uncomprisingly designated Greek art as the most perfect art
 Definition
Winckelmann
Term
Which city became the artistic center of the new, softer style called the Rococo?
 Definition
Paris
Term
The colonnade of the Roman temple of Jupiter at Baalbeck in Lebanon provided the inspiration for what building?
 Definition
Panthéon
Term
Thomas Jefferson emulated the work of ________
 Definition
Palladio
Term
The Pilgrimage to Cythera is the work of ________.
 Definition
Antoine Watteau
Term
The painting A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery was done by ________.
 Definition
Joseph Wright of Derby
Term
In its form, the Oath of the Horatii is a paragon of the ________ style.
 Definition
Neoclassical
Term
Which artist became the official painter to King George III and was cofounder of the Royal Academy of Arts?
 Definition
Benjamin West
Term
The archaeological discoveries at ________ and ________ whetted the appetite to visit Greece
 Definition
Herculaneum, Pompeii
Term
When the Rococo style first appeared, it was primarily as a style of ________.
 Definition
interior design
Term
During the 18 th Century, ________ fueled a renewed interest in classical antiquity.
 Definition
Grand Tour
Term
________ painted Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures, which exemplifies the Enlightenment fascination with classical antiquity and classical art.
 Definition
Angelica Kauffmann
Term
Who painted quiet scenes of domestic life, which offered the opportunity to praise the simple goodness of ordinary people?
 Definition
Chardin
Term
The ________ transformed the economies of continental Europe and North America.
 Definition
Industrial Revolution
Term
The vedute paintings of Antonio Canaletto were eagerly acquired by ________.
 Definition
English tourists
Term
Who scandalized the public with his painting of a nude prostitute and her black maid?
 Definition
Manet
Term
In ________ The Stone Breakers the menial labor is neither romanticized nor idealized
 Definition
Courbet's
Term
Paxton's exhibition building, the Crystal Palace, was built of ________.
 Definition
prefabricated materials
Term
Artists, such as Delacroix, Daumier, and Courbet, flocked to the studio of ________ for their portraits
 Definition
Nadar
Term
________ is a symbolic link between the Napoleonic and Roman empires.
 Definition
La Madeleine
Term
Who painted romantic transcendental landscapes?
 Definition
Friedrich
Term
The passion and energy of Turner's works not only reveal the Romantic sensibility, but also the concept of the ________.
 Definition
sublime
Term
The exterior of ________ is a conglomeration of Islamic domes, minarets, and screens that has been called "Indian Gothic."
 Definition
Brighton Pavilion
Term
Which photographer added a dreamlike quality to the photograph appropriate for "fictional" characters?
 Definition
Julia Cameron
Term
After serving in various French army commands, ________ became first consul of the French Republic and proceeded to rule France for the next 15 years
 Definition
Napoleon Bonaparte
Term
The American artist, ________, believed that knowledge, and where relevant, scientific knowledge, was a prerequisite for his art.
 Definition
Eakins
Term
Which painter sought to confront the viewer with the tragedy of the Medusa's horror, chaos, and emotion while at the same time invoking the grandeur of large-scale history painting?
 Definition
Géricault
Term
In the aftermath of the Revolution of 1848, ________ investing the poor with solemn grandeur did not meet with the approval of the prosperous classes.
 Definition
Millet's
Term
In the Daughters of Edward Darley Boit, ________ has effectuated the embodiment of the Realist belief that the artist's business is to record the modern being in the modern context.
 Definition
Sargent
Term
The transition from Neoclassicism to ________ represented a shift in emphasis from reason to feeling, from calculation to intuition, and from objective nature to subjective emotion
 Definition
Romanticism
Term
________ was immensely popular during the later nineteenth century, enjoying the favor of state patronage throughout his career.
 Definition
Bouguereau
Term
The Ancient of Days is the work of ________.
 Definition
William Blake
Term
The collaborative efforts of ________ and ________ can be seen in Early Operation Under Ether
 Definition
Hawes, Southworth
Term
The Baroque grandeur of the layout and ornament of the Paris Opéra is characteristic of an architectural style called ________, which flourished in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in France.
 Definition
Beaux-Arts
Term
Of the Civil War photographs, the most moving are the unsparingly objective records of combat deaths, and perhaps, the most reproduced of these is A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, July 1863 by ________.
 Definition
Timothy O'Sullivan
Term
The ________ style was influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement, as well as Japanese print designs, and the expressive patterns of Post-Impressionist artists.
 Definition
Art Nouveau
Term
The ________ was built for the great exhibition in Paris in 1889 and was originally seen as a symbol of modern Paris
 Definition
Eiffel Tower
Term
In Villa at the Seaside, ________ used the open brushwork and the plein air lighting characteristic of Impressionism.
 Definition
Morisot
Term
The American artist, ________, painted principally women and children with a combination of objectivity and genuine sentiment.
 Definition
Cassatt
Term
Members of the ________ movement dedicated themselves to producing functional objects with high aesthetic value for a wide public.
 Definition
Arts and Crafts
Term
Who explored the capabilities of colors and distorted forms to express his emotions as he confronted nature?
 Definition
Vincent van Gogh
Term
________ is a building that required broad, open, well-illuminated display spaces
 Definition
Carson, Pirie, Scott Building
Term
In Impression: Sunrise by ________, the brushstrokes are clearly evident.
 Definition
Monet
Term
________ was a leading practitioner of the Pictorial style in photography.
 Definition
Gertrude Käsebier
Term
In Caillebotte's Paris: A Rainy Day, the setting is a junction of spacious boulevards, a result of the redesign of the city begun in ________.
 Definition
1852
Term
The leading French sculptor of the later nineteenth century was ________.
 Definition
Rodin
Term
Which art form sought to express universal and timeless qualities?
 Definition
Classical
Term
Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, and Henri Rousseau were the leading ________.
 Definition
Symbolists
Term
Louis Sullivan expressed the interior's subdivision on the exterior in his ________.
 Definition
Guaranty (Prudential) Building
Term
Who declared he wanted to "make of Impressionism something solid and durable like the art of the museums?"
 Definition
Paul Cézanne
Term
Who conceived a building as a whole and molded it almost as a sculptor might shape a figure from clay?
 Definition
Antonio Gaudi
Term
________ studied the photography of others, but also used the camera consistently to make preliminary studies for his own work.
 Definition
Degas
Term
________ had its roots in Impressionist precepts and methods, but it was not stylistically homogeneous.
 Definition
Post-Impressionism
Term
In The Tub, Degas reveals his modernist exploration of the premises of painting by acknowledging which of the following?
 Definition
artwork's surface
Term
________ produced both paintings and prints whose high emotional charge was a major source of inspiration for the German Expressionists in the early twentieth century.
 Definition
Edvard Munch
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