Term
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Definition
| Long-chain fattty acids- C12 or more |
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Term
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Definition
| Medium-chain fatty acid: C8-C10 |
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Term
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Definition
| Short-Chain fatty acids: C6 or less |
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Term
| What are the most abudant fatty acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are non-esterfied fatty acids referred to as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What and where are FFA's bound to for transport? |
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Definition
| Bound to albumin in the plasma for transport (>99%) |
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Term
| How many FFA binding sites does albumin have? And how many have a high affinity site? |
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Definition
| 10 FFA binding sites, but only 3 of these sites are high affinity sites |
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Term
| How much of the plasma FFA pool is "free" and not bound to any other compound? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Intramuscular Triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
| Circulating Plasma Triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
| Very Low Density Lipoproteins- Primarily responsible for transport of TG from liver to adipose tissue and muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| High Density Lipoprotein- Primarily responsible for transporting cholesterol from the peripheral tissue to the liver |
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Term
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Definition
Muscle: IMTG= 100-240 mmol/kg
Blood:
Plasma FFA <0.5 mM (rest)
Plasma FFA= ~2.0 mM (Ex) |
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Term
| What is LPL responsible for? |
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Definition
| Responsible for "cleaving" Triglycerides into FFA's and glycerol |
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Term
| What are the main stimulators of LPL? |
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Definition
| The sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine |
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Term
| What is the main inhibitor of LPL? |
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Definition
| The main inhibitor of LPL is insulin, and to a lesser extent, lactate, and ketone bodies |
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Term
| How is FFA movement across plasma membranes? |
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Definition
| It is carrier mediated (with some passive diffusion) |
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Term
| What is the molecular weight of the plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is cellular uptake of FFA limited by the dissociation from albumin? |
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Definition
It is not limited by the dissociation from albumin.
It may be saturation dependent (>2 mM) |
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Term
| Carinitine Acyl Transferase (CAT) |
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Definition
-CAT Transporter requred to get LCFA into mitochondria (intermembrance space) for oxidation
-CAT I- Intermembrance space
-CAT II- Matrix side
-Shown to be rate limiting step for fat oxidation (CAT I) |
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Term
| What does the Randall cycle regulate? |
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Definition
| It describes the regulation or interaction between FAT and CHO oxidation |
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Term
| T/F- Good evidence suggests that this cycle occurs at rest in skeletal muscle (rat) but controversy exists as to whether the Randall cycle occurs during exercise |
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Definition
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Term
| What does increasing FFA availability prior to and durign exercise do? |
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Definition
| It increases lipid oxidation during exericise |
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Term
| What does the increased lipid oxidation do? |
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Definition
| The increased lipid oxidation decreases muscle glycogen used during endurance exercise |
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Term
| Describe 24 hours post endurance exercise~ |
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Definition
-Muscle TG were lower (p<0.05) compared to before and after the endurance ride when fed a HI-CHO diet
-Conversely, when fed a HI-FAT diet, muscle TG were higher (p>0.05) 24 hours later
-Lastly, time to complete a ~2 hours self-paced cycle test took ~19% longer when fed a HI-FAT diet |
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Term
| Do muscle TG appear to increase or decrease in the hours (3-30 hours) after endurance exercise? |
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Definition
| Decrease, this may be due to the primary importance placed upon replenishing muscle glycogen stores |
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Term
| Does the breakdown of IMTG do anything to aid in muscle glycogen restoration following endurance exercise? |
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Definition
| It may provide additional energy |
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Term
| What is essential for endurance type exercises? |
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Definition
| Muscle glycogen stores and CHO feedings |
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Term
| What does FFA availability during exericise do? |
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Definition
| They promote fat oxidation, therby sparing muscle glycogen during endurance events |
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