Term
| What neoplasm can indirectly result in gastric ulceration? How? |
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Definition
-mast cell tumors: histamine
-gastrinoma: gastrin |
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Term
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Definition
| -describes the presence of antigens on the surface of RBCs |
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Term
| What is the most clinically important dog blood type? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is DEA 1.1 the most clinically important blood antigen? |
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Definition
| -do NOT have naturally occurring antibodies to DEA 1.1 or 1.2 thus preventing a hemolytic transfusionn rxn |
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Term
| Naturally occurring antibodies have been documented against DEA __,__, and __ in dogs negative for these antigens. Why is this clinically relevant? |
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Definition
-3, 5, and 7
-presence of these antibodies may reduce transfused RBC survivial (delayed hemolysis) when positive blood of the respective blood type is transfused |
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Term
| What happens the first time you give DEA 1.1-positive blood to a DEA 1.1 negative dog? What about the following times? |
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Definition
| -should NOT have a transfusion rxn with the first transfusion BUT may develop a severe hemolytic rxn the second time |
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Term
| What is the most common universal donor for dogs? What about the ideal universal donor? |
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Definition
-DEA 1.1 negative
-DEA 1.1-neg, 1.2-neg, 3-neg, 5-neg, 7-neg and 4-pos |
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Term
| At minimum, the dog donor should be DEA 1.1 negative!! Exceptions? |
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Definition
| -if your recipient is DEA 1.1 positive |
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Term
| Who makes a good dob blood donor? |
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Definition
-friendly, healthy, young, large breed
-1-8y, >50lbs
-no previous transfusion
-free of infectious disease
-Greyhounds |
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Term
| What are the 3 cat blood types? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cat blood type in the US? Most rare? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it so important to type each and every cat before a transfusion? |
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Definition
-Type A cats have naturally occurring antibodies to Type B Antigen that will result in a severe hemolytic response
-also vice verse |
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Term
| Type AB cats are rare. What makes them special? |
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Definition
| -can receive either type A or B blood |
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Term
| All cats must be typed before receiving a transfusion!!! How is this accomplished? What extra step should we take? |
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Definition
-typing cards
-ALSO cross-match cats prior to transfusion |
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Term
| Who makes a good cat blood donor? |
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Definition
-friendly, helathy, young
-1-8y, >10lbs
-no previous transfusion
-free of infectious disease |
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Term
| What criteria do we screen for potential canine blood donors? |
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Definition
-blood type
-CBC
-chem panel
-fecal analysis
-HW Ag
-Babesia spp
-Ehrlichia spp |
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Term
| What criteria do we screen for potential feline blood donors? |
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Definition
-blood type
-CBC
-chem panel
-fecal analysis
-FeLV
-FIV
-M. haemofelis |
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Term
| What is different b/n a blood donor stick and sticking a normal appointment? |
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Definition
-basically a sterile procedure
-sedation: cats > dogs |
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Term
| How much blood do we collect from a canine blood donor? What about a feline blood donor? |
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Definition
-dog: 15-20 ml/kg
-cat: 10-15 ml/kg |
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Term
| How do we preserve samples collected from dog blood donors? What about feline ones? |
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Definition
-commercial blood collection sets (human)
-7mL CPDA-1 + 53 mL blood |
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Term
| What are the most important blood products? |
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Definition
-fresh whole blood (FWB)
-stored whole blood (SWB)
-packed red blood cells (pRBC) |
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Term
| What is fresh whole blood? How long should it be stroed? |
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Definition
-blood obtained from a donor with no processing
<8h |
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Term
| Describe the contents of fresh whole blood. |
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Definition
-RBC, WBC, viable platelets
-all components of plasma: albumin, globulin, all clotting factors
-refrigeration inactivates platelets |
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Term
| What are the indications for the use of fresh whole blood? |
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Definition
-massive blood loss
-anemia + severe thrombocytopenia
-any anemia |
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Term
| What is stored whole blood? |
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Definition
| -refrigerated at 4C for upt to 30-35 d |
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Term
| Describe the contents of stored whole blood. |
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Definition
-RBC, WBC, INACTIVATED platelets
-albumin, globukin, most clotting factors (Factor V, VIII, vWF reduced with storage) |
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Term
| What are the indications for the use of stored whole blood? |
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Definition
-massive blood loss
-any anemia |
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Term
| Why is the use of stored whole blood contraindicated in the case of severe thrombocytopenia, vWD, and coagulopathy secondary to factor V or VIII deficiency? |
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Definition
| --platelets are inactivated dur to refridgeration |
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Term
|
Definition
-packed red blood cells
-unit of FWB centrifuged and plasma seperated, then stored in the fridge |
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Term
| Describe the contents of packed red blood cells. |
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Definition
| -RBC, some WBC, and inactivated platelets |
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Term
| What are the indications for use of packed red blood cells? |
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Definition
-any anemia
-ideal for patients that just need RBC |
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Term
| What are the indications for an RBC transfusion? |
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Definition
-clinical signs of anemia: tachycardia, tachypnea, weaness/lethargy
-poor tissue oxygenation
-severe anemia |
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Term
| Why not just always use whole blood? |
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Definition
-most anemia patients don't need plasma
-plasma inc risk of rection
-plasma increases risk of volume overload in at-risk patients |
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Term
| Outline the pre-transfusion testing for dogs. |
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Definition
-if no previous transfusions then do nothing
-cross-match if you can
-cross-match or type if using DEA 1.1+ donors
-if previous transfusion >3-5 days ago, MUST cross match |
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Term
| Outline the pre-transfusion testing done in cats. |
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Definition
-ALWAYS type prior to RBC or plasma
-usually cross-match |
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Term
| Why do we cross-match cats? |
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Definition
| -used to detect Ag-Ab inteactions b/n donor and recipient cells/plasma |
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Term
| What is major crossmatching? What is minor crossmatching? |
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Definition
-Major: Donor RBCs and Recipient plasma
-Recipient RBCs and donor plasma |
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Term
| What is the general dose for blood transfusion? |
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Definition
| -10 mL/kg = inc PCV by 10% |
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Term
| What is the one piece of equipment you MUST use when administering a blood transfusion? Why? |
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Definition
-blood filter
-prevents admin of microscopic blood or fibrin clots |
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Term
| If administering blood alone through IV line, what do we do? |
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Definition
| -if admin IV fluids concurrently, use 0.9% NaCl (never LRS b/c contains calcium that kelates with anticoagulant) |
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Term
| How long do we usually take to admin blood transfusion? When would you admmin blood faster> |
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Definition
-over 2-4 h
-faster when unstable patient or exhibitng life-threatening signs of anemia |
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Term
| Each unit of blood should be administered over NO MORE than ___ hours. Why? |
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Definition
-4
-to avoid bacterial growth |
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Term
| Describe an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. CS? Treatment? |
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Definition
-recipient's antibodies bind to transfused RBCs
-fever, vomiting, tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea, signs of hemolysis, possible death
-DISCONTINUE IMMEDIATELY |
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Term
| Describe a delayed immunologic transfusion reaction. CS? Treatment? |
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Definition
-delayed hemolysis of transfused RBCs
-generally mild CS, transient fever, pigmentaiton of serum or uring
-give supportive care |
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Term
| Describe a febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction. CS? Treatment? |
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Definition
-binding of pre-formed antiboides from recipient with donor WBC in blood product
-CS vary from mild to severe
-generally resolves with slowing or discontinuation of transfusion |
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