Term
| What are some of the reasons for veteirnary clinicians to interface with public health agencies? |
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Definition
-surveillance/disease respoting
-access lab testing
-occupational health concerns
-client health
-education/information on current events |
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Term
| What agencies are involed with animal control and rabies? |
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Definition
-city animal control officers
-county health department
-clinical vets
-epidemiologists & laboratorians at State Health Dept
-Private physicians & health care providers |
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Term
| What are some of the resources we have for rabies? |
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Definition
-Human Rabies Prevention
-Current Rabies Control Compendium
-Rabies Prevention in Oklahoma |
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Term
| Is rabies enveloped or nonenveloped? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is rabies hardy in the environment? |
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Definition
| -immediated inactivated when dry but its viability can be extended in frozen carcasses and tissues |
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Term
| How is rabies transmitted? |
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Definition
-BITES
-nonbite exposures are rare: contamination of open skin wounds or mm with saliva, CCSF, or neural tissue, aerosilized in lab setting
-Human-to-human rare: corneal transplants, solid organ transplantation |
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Term
| What are some examples of rabies non-exposures? |
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Definition
-animals haring food or water bowls
-touching wet bridles or fence posts
-saliva contact on intact skin
-cantact with blood only
-contact with milk, urine, or feces
-transmission within a herd |
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Term
| Is a horse with rabies contagious? |
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Definition
| -it has never happened before to a human or another horse |
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Term
| Outline the pathogenesis of rabies. |
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Definition
| -inoculation => region of the grlyoprotein attaches to plasma membrane of cells => virus multiplication in skeletal muscle cells near inoculation => entry into nervous system through unmyelinated sensory and motor terminals => virus spread to spinal cord by retrograde axoplasmic flow=> sympton of pain or parathesia => rapdi spread throughout CNS => symptoms of encephalopathy => virus spreads along peripheral nerves including to the salivary glands |
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Term
| When are rabid domestic animals infectious with rabies? |
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Definition
| -only during the time when we see symptoms of encephalitis |
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Term
| How long is the infectious period of rabies? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the incubation period? |
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Definition
| -time between exposure and development of clinical signs of disease |
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Term
| What is the infectious period? |
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Definition
| -length of time rabid animal is excreting virus in saliva and infectious to other animals or persons, typically concurrent with symtpoms or 1-3 days before symptoms at the end of the incubation period |
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Term
| How do we diagnose rabies? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What samples do we send in for a FA test? |
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Definition
| -refrigerated sections from medulla, cerebru, and hippocampus |
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Term
| Are there areas of the US where there is no terrestrial animal rabies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reservoir for rabies in OK? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Are most cases of rabies in people in the US due to bats or dogs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe rabies pre-expsosure prophylaxis. |
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Definition
| -series of rabies vaccines |
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Term
| Who do we give rabies pre-expsoure prophylais? What is its purpose? |
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Definition
-indicated for persons in high risk groups: vets, animal control officers, wildlife officers, spelunkers, traveers
-provides protection in event of unrecognized or inapparent exposure |
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Term
| How do we admin rabies postexposure treatment to a person not previously vaccinated? |
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Definition
| -give human rabies immunoe globulins at first visit and four doses of human rabies vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14 |
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Term
| How do we admin rabies postexposure treatment to a person previously accinated? |
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Definition
-no immuno globulins
-give 2 doses of human rabies vaccine 3 days apart |
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Term
| Do all states have rabies vaccination laws for dogs and cats? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are Oklahoma's rabies vaccination requirements? |
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Definition
| -all dogs, cats, and ferrets must be vaccinated against rabies by the age of 4 months by or under the supervision of a licensed DVM, and receive yearly boosters or three year boosters ` |
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Term
| Which other species are rabies vaccines recommended for? |
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Definition
-horses
-show cattle or valuable breedig stock
-dairy cows
-sheep that are handled frequently
-wolf-dog hybrids
-zoological colelctions |
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Term
| When I administer a puppy or kitten's first rabies vaccination when is the vaccine considered effective? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How do we respond to an animal exposed to a lab-confirmed rabid animal? |
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Definition
-if vaccinated, must be revaccinated within 5 days and confined under owner's supervision for 45 days
-if not vaccinated, must be euthanized or placed in quarantine at vet clinic for 6 months |
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Term
| If an unvaccinated cat bits a person outside of the immediate family, does it have to be euthanized and tested for rabies? |
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Definition
| -owned dogs, cats, and ferrets that vite a person and are healthy at the time of the bite, regardless of vaccination status, should be confined and observed for 10 days |
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Term
| Do documented rabies vaccine failures exist? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the factors of susceptibility? |
|
Definition
-infecting viral strain
-genetic make-up of host
-dose
-degree of innervation of the site of the exposure
-proximity of virus entry to CNS
-concentration of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in skiletal muscle |
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