Term
| Fermentation converts pyruvate into |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Protons are ejected from the mitochondrial matrix as a consequence of |
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Definition
| Electron transfer through respiratory proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incorporates CO2 into ribulase-bi phosphate |
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Term
| Which metabolic process is most closely associated with intracellular membranes? |
|
Definition
| oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
| The calvin cycle depends upon light reactions for providing.. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What was Van Niel's hypthosys? |
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Definition
| molecular O2 arises from water |
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Term
| After one acetyl group is processed by Krebs' Citric Acid cycle, |
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Definition
| the concentrations of KCAC intermediates return to their prior values |
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Term
| Rubisco is an abbreviation for |
|
Definition
| ribulose biphosphate carboxylase |
|
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Term
| photorespiration is the name for the process in which |
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Definition
| O2 competitively inhibits the binding of CO2 to rubisco. |
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Term
| The quantium nature of matter explains why |
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Definition
| Only cetain colors of light are absorbed by chlorophyll |
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Term
| Phosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme. All statemenss are true except |
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Definition
| It catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to ADP |
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Term
| Different protons have different energies, it depends on |
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Definition
| the value of v, its frequency |
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Term
| The energy released during the oxidation of a mole glucose is _____ compared to the energy released during the hydrolysis of ATP. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Chlorophyll is located in the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A plot of O2 released versus wavelength of incident light is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is not associated with photsystem 1 during noncyclic photsynthesis execpt |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is NADP + reductase? |
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Definition
| it is the enzyme that adds hydrogens to NADP+ |
|
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Term
| Biochemists use spectrophotometers to measure |
|
Definition
| the absortion of light by a sample |
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Term
| Van Niel, claimed that the molecular oxygen excreted by plants arose from |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which process is membrane bound? |
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Definition
| oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
| The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in |
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Definition
| the receipt of electrons at the end of the elctron transport chain. |
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Term
| NAD+ + 2H ---> NADH + H+, NAD+ is being |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| lactic acid and ethanol are produced by the process of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what can be said about the eating of proteins and fats? |
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Definition
| They are altered in simple ways so they can be oxidized by the same pathways as those of glucose. |
|
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Term
| which of the following pathways occurs in the cytosol? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| an absorbsion spectrum of chlorophyll shows |
|
Definition
| high abundance at 400 and 700 nm |
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Term
| structure of glyceraldehyde- 3 phosphate is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Quantum theory is necessary to understand absorbsion specra because |
|
Definition
| light and matter are both quantized |
|
|
Term
| what color is not absorbed by chloroplassts? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| glucose is produced in plant cells during |
|
Definition
| the light independent reactions in the stroma |
|
|
Term
| photorespiration is the name for the process in which |
|
Definition
| O2 competitively inhibits the binding of CO2 to rubisco |
|
|
Term
| which process will normally proceed whether oxygen is present or absent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Difference between combustian and cellular respiration is |
|
Definition
| a combustion releases energy as heat, cellular respiration releases energy as ATP |
|
|
Term
| organisms that metabolize organic molecules produced by other organisms are |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| structure of glyceraldehyde is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how are we animals dependent on plants? |
|
Definition
| we need their reduced carbon compounds |
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|
Term
| the calvin cycle fixes CO2 into |
|
Definition
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate |
|
|
Term
| what problems do c-4 and CAM plants solve? |
|
Definition
| they reduce the photorespiration that drives down the efficiency of photosynthesis in hot, dry conditions. |
|
|
Term
| in the first step, Krebs' citric acid cycle converts acetyl COA by |
|
Definition
| A cCoA+OA (Oxaloacetate) --> citrate + CoA |
|
|
Term
| Compared to carbohydrates and proteins which have 4 kilocalorie per gram, fats have an energy of |
|
Definition
| 9 kilocalories per gram because fats are more reduced |
|
|
Term
| chemiosmosis is a model gradient for how |
|
Definition
| a proton gradient produces ATP |
|
|
Term
| In what form is photsynthetically produced carbohydrate generally transferred from leaves to other parts of the plant? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| during glycolysis, ATP is produced by |
|
Definition
| substrate level phosphorylation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The glycolysis enzyme, phophofructokinase, is ______ by ATP and _____ by ADP. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the correct phase for glucose to be oxidized? |
|
Definition
| glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation |
|
|
Term
| In noncyclic flow, what exactly is it that "flows" through the photosystems? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the calvin cycle of photosynthesis take place? |
|
Definition
| stroma of the choloroplast |
|
|
Term
| cyclic photosynthesis used photosystem 1 to generate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sunlight falling on thylakoids drives ________ across the thylakoid membranes. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| different photons have different energies, it depends upon, |
|
Definition
| the value of v, its frequency |
|
|
Term
| the oxidation of pyruvate molecule by mitochondria generates.. |
|
Definition
| 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, 3 CO2 |
|
|
Term
| ATP synthase is a molecule which |
|
Definition
| utilizes the energy of a proton gradient to carry out ADP + P --->ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a eukaryotic cell, most of the enzymes of the KCAC are located in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the flow of electrons from NADH thru the repiratory chain is in a certain order from 1-6..? |
|
Definition
| complex 1, coenzyme, complex 2, cytochrome, complex 3, O2 |
|
|
Term
| the chemical reason that electrons move through an electron transport train is |
|
Definition
| each successive electron carrier has a higher electron affinity than the prior carrier. |
|
|
Term
| In a "resting cell," such as a muscle cell in your arm while sleeping, the pace of glycolysis decreases. what causes this? |
|
Definition
| high levels of ATP inhibit phosphofructokinase. |
|
|
Term
| what is the trigger that converts a potentially aerobic cell into its fermentation pathways? |
|
Definition
| insufficient O2 to accept electrons flowing from pyruvate |
|
|
Term
| what color light is effective in producing photosynthesis in green plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following numbers is very wrong? |
|
Definition
| thickness of membrane = 680 nm |
|
|
Term
| the quantam theory of light states that.. |
|
Definition
| light is emitted and absorbed in packets of energy size h x v (where v is the frequency) |
|
|
Term
| the englemann's classic "actions spectrum" for photosynthesys photolysis of water was determined by |
|
Definition
| the presence of aerobic motile bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| should one raise or lower the pH of a solution of isolated chloroplasts in order that they make ATP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during noncyclic photosynthesis, the light reactions genergate.. |
|
Definition
ATP
NADPH
O2
ALL THE ABOVE (correct answer) |
|
|
Term
| the reactions of the calvin cycle generate |
|
Definition
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, a precursor of glucose |
|
|
Term
| what is the most abundant protein in the world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during redox reactions, the molecule that receives an electron is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| proteins are ejected from the mitochondrial matrix as a consequence of |
|
Definition
| electron transfer throguh respiratory proteins |
|
|
Term
| during redox reactions, the molecule that donatees an electron is being |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all of the following statements are true about glycolysis except one. |
|
Definition
| the major control point is the allosteric modulation of pyruvate by NAD+ |
|
|
Term
| Can the light reactions of ps 2 and ps 1 operate independently of the calvin cycle? |
|
Definition
| No, they'll stop as soon as they have turned all the ADP into ATP, and NADP+ into NADPH |
|
|
Term
| The calvin cycle fixes CO2 |
|
Definition
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate |
|
|
Term
| c-4 plants are a solutions to a problem . what's the problem? |
|
Definition
| closure of stomata raises the ratio of O2/C02, interfering with rubisco. |
|
|
Term
| organisms that metabolize organic molecules produced by other organisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which metabolic process is most clearly associated with intracellular membranes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phosphofructinase is an important control enzyme. All these statements about PFKase are true except which? |
|
Definition
| it catalyzes the additions of a phosphate group to ADP. |
|
|
Term
| The net products of glycolysis are |
|
Definition
| 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH |
|
|
Term
| During glycolysis, ATP is produced by |
|
Definition
| substrate level phophorylation |
|
|
Term
| The source of energy that directlyy drives the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a muscle becomes anaerobic during strenuous exercise, why is it necessary to convert pyruvate to lactate? |
|
Definition
| to decrease NADH and increase NAD+ |
|
|
Term
| the water necessary for photosynthesis |
|
Definition
| provides the electrons to replace lost elctrons in photosystem II |
|
|
Term
| the cyclic electron flow that occurs via photsystem I produces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the first phase of the calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is incorporated into ribulose biphosphate by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants commonly found in hot and dry environments that carry out carbon fixation at night are |
|
Definition
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